Environmental Science

Environmental Science Programs

SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY (SCIENCE)

Supervisor of Studies: M. Isaac (416-287-7276) Email: marney.isaac@utoronto.ca

Program Requirements
Total requirements: 14.0 credits

First Year:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
BIOA01H3 Life on Earth: Unifying Principles
BIOA02H3 Life on Earth: Form, Function and Interactions
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry I: Structure and Bonding
CHMA11H3 Introductory Chemistry II: Reactions and Mechanisms
MATA30H3 Calculus I for Physical Sciences
[MATA35H3 Calculus II for Biological Sciences or MATA36H3 Calculus II for Physical Sciences or MATA37H3 Calculus II for Mathematical Sciences]*
[PHYA10H3 Physics I for the Physical Sciences or PHYA11H3 Physics I for the Life Sciences]

Note: MATA35H3 cannot be used to fulfill the prerequisites for PSCB57H3

Second Year:
BIOB50H3 Ecology
BIOB51H3 Evolutionary Biology
BIOB52H3 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory
EESB15H3 Earth History
EESB16H3 Feeding Humans - The Cost to the Planet
STAB22H3 Statistics I
[PSCB57H3 Introduction to Scientific Computing or CSCA08H3 Introduction to Computer Science I]
and
1.0 credit from the following:
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
CHMB55H3 Environmental Chemistry

Third and Fourth Years:
2.0 credits as follows:
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
EESC04H3 Biodiversity and Biogeography
EESC30H3 Environmental Microbiology
EESC13H3 Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
and
2.0 credits from the following:
BIOC51H3 Tropical Biodiversity Field Course
BIOC52H3 Ecology Field Course
BIOC58H3 Biological Consequences of Global Change
BIOC59H3 Advanced Population Ecology
BIOC61H3 Community Ecology and Environmental Biology
BIOC65H3 Environmental Toxicology
BIOC62H3 The Role of Zoos and Aquariums in Conservation
BIOC63H3 Conservation Biology
( BIOC67H3) Inter-University Biology Field Course
and
1.0 credit from the following:
EESD02H3 Contaminant Hydrogeology
EESD06H3 Climate Change Impact Assessment
EESD13H3 Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics
EESD15H3 Fundamentals of Site Remediation
EESC20H3 Geochemistry
EESD09H3 Research Project in Environmental Science
EESD10Y3 Research Project in Environmental Sciences
BIOD52H3 Biodiversity and Conservation
BIOD60H3 Spatial Ecology
BIOD66H3 Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity
BIOD95H3 Supervised Study in Biology
BIOD98Y3 Research Project in Biology
PSCD11H3 Communicating Science: Film, Media, Journalism, and Society

SPECIALIST (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY (SCIENCE)

Co-op Contact: askcoop@utsc.utoronto.ca

The Specialist (Co-op) Program in Environmental Biology is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Environmental Biology upon graduation.

In addition to their academic course requirements, students must successfully complete the additive Arts & Science Co-op Work Term Preparation courses and a minimum of three Co-op work terms.

Enrolment Requirements

The minimum qualifications for entry are 4.5 credits, including BIOA01H3, BIOA02H3, CHMA10H3, CHMA11H3, EESA01H3, EESA06H3, MATA30H3, [MATA35H3 or MATA36H3 or MATA37H3] and PHYA10H3, plus a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.

Current Co-op Students:

Students admitted to a Co-op Degree POSt in their first year of study must request a Co-op Subject POSt on ACORN upon completion of 4.0 credits and must meet the minimum qualifications for entry as noted above.

Prospective Co-op Students:

In addition to requesting the program on ACORN, prospective Co-op students (i.e., those not yet admitted to a Co-op Degree POSt) must also submit a Co-op Supplementary Application Form, which is available from the Arts & Science Co-op Office (http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/askcoop/future-co-op-students). Submission deadlines follow the Limited Enrolment Program Application Deadlines set by the Office of the Registrar each year. Failure to submit both the Supplementary Application Form and the program request on ACORN will result in that student’s application not being considered.

Program Requirements
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Specialist Program in Environment

Co-op Work Term Requirements

Students must satisfactorily complete three Co-op work terms, each of four-months duration. To be eligible for their first work term, students must be enrolled in the Specialist (Co-op) Program in Environmental Biology and have completed at least 7.0 credits.

In addition to their academic program requirements, Co-op students complete up to five Co-op specific courses. These courses are designed to prepare students for their job search and work term experience, and to maximize the benefits of their Co-op work terms. They cover a variety of topics intended to assist students in developing the skills and tools required to secure work terms that are appropriate to their program of study, and to perform professionally in the workplace. These courses must be completed in sequence, and are taken in addition to a full course load. They are recorded on transcripts as credit/no credit (CR/NCR) and are considered to be additive credit to the 20.0 required degree credits. No additional course fee is assessed as registration is included in the Co-op Program fee.

Co-op Preparation Course Requirements:

1. COPD01H3 – Foundations for Success in Arts & Science Co-op
- Students entering Co-op from outside of UTSC (high school or other postsecondary) will complete this course in fall of their first year at UTSC
- Current UTSC students entering Co-op in April/May will complete this course in the summer term
- Current UTSC students entering Co-op in July/August will complete this course in the fall term

2. COPD03H3 – Preparing to Compete for your Co-op Work Term
- Prerequisite: COPD01H3
- This course will be completed eight months in advance of the first scheduled work term

3. COPD11H3 – Managing your Work Term Search & Transition to Work
- Prerequisite: COPD03H3
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the first work scheduled work term

4. COPD12H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part I
- Prerequisite: COPD11H3 and one Co-op work term
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the second scheduled work term

5. COPD13H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part II
- Prerequisite: COPD12H3 and two Co-op work terms
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the third scheduled work term

Students must be available for work terms in each of the Fall, Winter and Summer sessions and must complete at least one of their required work terms in either a Fall or Winter session. This in turn requires that students take courses during at least one Summer session.

For information on fees, status in Co-op programs, and certification of completion of Co-op programs, see Section 6B.5 of the UTSC Calendar.

SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE)

Supervisor of Studies: Myrna Simpson (416) 287-7234 Email: myrna.simpson@utoronto.ca

Program Requirements
Total requirements: 15.0 credits

First Year:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
BIOA01H3 Life on Earth: Unifying Principles
BIOA02H3 Life on Earth: Form, Function and Interactions
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry I: Structure and Bonding
CHMA11H3 Introductory Chemistry II: Reactions and Mechanisms
MATA30H3 Calculus I for Physical Sciences
MATA36H3 Calculus II for Physical Sciences
PHYA10H3 Physics I for the Physical Sciences

Second Year:
CHMB16H3 Techniques in Analytical Chemistry
CHMB20H3 Chemical Thermodynamics and Elementary Kinetics
CHMB41H3 Organic Chemistry I
CHMB42H3 Organic Chemistry II
CHMB55H3 Environmental Chemistry
EESB15H3 Earth History
STAB22H3 Statistics I
and
1.0 credit from the following:
CHMB21H3 Chemical Structure and Spectroscopy
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science

Third Year:
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
EESC07H3 Groundwater
EESC20H3 Geochemistry
CHMB31H3 Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
CHMC11H3 Principles of Analytical Instrumentation
PSCB57H3 Introduction to Scientific Computing

Fourth Year:

EESC13H3 Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
CHMD16H3 Environmental and Analytical Chemistry
and
1.0 credit from the following:
EESD02H3 Contaminant Hydrogeology
EESD13H3 Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics
EESD15H3 Fundamentals of Site Remediation
PSCD11H3 Communicating Science: Film, Media, Journalism, and Society
and
1.0 credit from the following:
CHMC21H3 Topics in Biophysical Chemistry
CHMC31Y3 Intermediate Inorganic Chemistry
CHMC41H3 Organic Reaction Mechanisms
CHMC42H3 Organic Synthesis
CHMC47H3 Bio-Organic Chemistry
CHMD59H3 Topics in Environmental Chemistry
CHMD89H3 Introduction to Green Chemistry
CHMD90Y3 Directed Research in Chemistry
CHMD91H3 Directed Research in Chemistry
CHMD92H3 Advanced Chemistry Laboratory Course

SPECIALIST (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (SCIENCE)

Co-op Contact: askcoop@utsc.utoronto.ca

The Specialist (Co-op) Program in Environmental Chemistry is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Environmental Chemistry upon graduation.

In addition to their academic course requirements, students must successfully complete the additive Arts & Science Co-op Work Term Preparation courses and a minimum of three Co-op work terms.

Enrolment Requirements

The minimum qualifications for entry are 4.5 credits, including, BIOA01H3, BIOA02H3, CHMA10H3, CHMA11H3, EESA01H3, EESA06H3, MATA30H3, [MATA35H3 or MATA36H3 or MATA37H3] and PHYA10H3, plus a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.

Current Co-op Students:

Prospective Co-op Students:

Program Requirements
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Specialist Program in Environmental Chemistry.

Co-op Work Term Requirements

Co-op Preparation Course Requirements:

2. COPD03H3 – Preparing to Compete for your Co-op Work Term
- Prerequisite: COPD01H3
- This course will be completed eight months in advance of the first scheduled work term

3. COPD11H3 – Managing your Work Term Search & Transition to Work
- Prerequisite: COPD03H3
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the first work scheduled work term

4. COPD12H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part I
- Prerequisite: COPD11H3 and one Co-op work term
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the second scheduled work term

5. COPD13H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part II
- Prerequisite: COPD12H3 and two Co-op work terms
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the third scheduled work term

For information on fees, status in Co-op programs, and certification of completion of Co-op programs, see Section 6B.5 of the UTSC Calendar.

SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE (SCIENCE)

Supervisor of Studies: M. Meriano (416-208-2775) Email: mmeriano@utsc.utoronto.ca

This program has been designed to meet the expectations of the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario (APGO) - the licensing and regulatory body responsible for ensuring that geoscientists have the appropriate qualifications to practice. Students are encouraged to make careful choice of optional/elective courses to meet APGO requirements.

Please visit the APGO website for further information on requirements to become a Professional Geoscientist (P.Geo) in Ontario.

Program Requirements
Total requirements: 15.5 credits of which 1.0 credit must be at the D-level as follows:

First Year:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
BIOA01H3 Life on Earth: Unifying Principles
BIOA02H3 Life on Earth: Form, Function and Interactions
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry I: Structure and Bonding
CHMA11H3 Introductory Chemistry II: Reactions and Mechanisms
MATA30H3 Calculus I for Physical Sciences
[MATA36H3 Calculus II for Physical Sciences or MATA37H3 Calculus II for Mathematical Sciences]
[PHYA10H3 Physics I for the Physical Sciences or PHYA11H3 Physics I for the Life Sciences]

Second Year:
CHMB55H3 Environmental Chemistry
EESB02H3 Principles of Geomorphology
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
EESB15H3 Earth History
EESB18H3 Natural Hazards
EESB19H3 Mineralogy
PSCB57H3 Introduction to Scientific Computing
STAB22H3 Statistics I

Third Year:
EESB20H3 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing
EESC07H3 Groundwater
EESC13H3 Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
EESC20H3 Geochemistry
EESC31H3 Glacial Geology
EESC36H3 Petrology
and
0.5 credit from the following:
BIOB50H3 Ecology
EESC18H3 Limnology
EESC19H3 Oceanography

Fourth Year:
EESC37H3 Structural Geology
and
0.5 credit from the following:
EESD02H3 Contaminant Hydrogeology
EESD06H3 Climate Change Impact Assessment
EESD09H3 Research Project in Environmental Science
EESD10Y3 Research Project in Environmental Science
EESD11H3 Advanced Watershed Hydrology
EESD13H3 Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics
EESD15H3 Fundamentals of Site Remediation
EESD19H3 Professional Development Seminars in Geoscience
EESD20H3 Geological Evolution and Environmental History of North America
and
[1.0 credit at the C- or D-level in EES courses] or [0.5 credit at the C- or D-level in EES courses and PSCD11H3]
Strongly recommended: EESC16H3 Field Camp I or EESD07H3 Field Camp II or EESD33H3 Field Techniques

SPECIALIST (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE (SCIENCE)

Co-op Contact: askcoop@utsc.utoronto.ca

The Specialist (Co-op) Program in Environmental Geoscience is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Environmental Geoscience upon graduation.

This program has been designed to meet the expectations of the Association of Professional Geoscientists of Ontario (APGO) - the licensing and regulatory body responsible for ensuring that geoscientists have the appropriate qualifications to practice. Please visit the APGO website for further information on requirements to become a Professional Geoscientist (P.Geo) in Ontario.

In addition to their academic course requirements, students must successfully complete the additive Arts & Science Co-op Work Term Preparation courses and a minimum of three Co-op work terms.

Enrolment Requirements

Current Co-op Students:

Prospective Co-op Students:

Program Requirements
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Specialist Program in Environmental Geoscience.

Co-op Work Term Requirements

Co-op Preparation Course Requirements:

2. COPD03H3 – Preparing to Compete for your Co-op Work Term
- Prerequisite: COPD01H3
- This course will be completed eight months in advance of the first scheduled work term

3. COPD11H3 – Managing your Work Term Search & Transition to Work
- Prerequisite: COPD03H3
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the first work scheduled work term

4. COPD12H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part I
- Prerequisite: COPD11H3 and one Co-op work term
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the second scheduled work term

5. COPD13H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part II
- Prerequisite: COPD12H3 and two Co-op work terms
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the third scheduled work term

For information on fees, status in Co-op programs, and certification of completion of Co-op programs, see Section 6B.5 of the UTSC Calendar.

MAJOR PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (SCIENCE)

Supervisor of Studies: T. Mohsin (416-287-7245) Email: tanzina.mohsin@utoronto.ca

Program Requirements
This program requires 8.5 credits as follows:

First Year
BIOA01H3 Life on Earth: Unifying Principles
BIOA02H3 Life on Earth: Form, Function and Interactions
CHMA10H3 Introductory Chemistry I: Structure and Bonding
CHMA11H3 Introductory Chemistry II: Reactions and Mechanisms
[(MATA20H3) Calculus A or MATA30H3 Calculus I for Physical Sciences]
[(MATA21H3) Calculus B or MATA35H3 or MATA36H3 Calculus II for Biological/Physical Sciences]*
[PHYA10H3 Physics I for the Physical Sciences or PHYA11H3 Physics I for the Life Sciences]
EESA06H3 Planet Earth
Note: MATA35H3 cannot be used to fulfill the prerequisites for PSCB57H3

Second Year
STAB22H3 Statistics I
and
1.5 credits from the following:
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
EESB15H3 Earth History
EESB16H3 Feeding Humans - The Cost to the Planet
and
0.5 credit from the following:
BIOB50H3 Ecology
EESB02H3 Principles of Geomorphology
EESB17H3 Hydro Politics and Transboundary Water Resource Management
PSCB57H3 Introduction to Scientific Computing
CHMB55H3 Environmental Chemistry

Third & Fourth Years
[2.0 credits at the C- or D-level in EES courses with at least 0.5 credit at the D-level] or [1.5 credits at the C- or D-level in EES courses and PSCD11H3]

MAJOR (CO-OPERATIVE) PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Co-op Contact: askcoop@utsc.utoronto.ca

The Major (Co-op) Program in Environmental Science is a Work Integrated Learning (WIL) program that combines academic studies with paid work terms in the public, private, and/or non-profit sectors. The program provides students with the opportunity to develop the academic and professional skills required to pursue employment in these areas, or to continue on to graduate training in an academic field related to Environmental Science upon graduation.

In addition to their academic course requirements, students must successfully complete the additive Arts & Science Co-op Work Term Preparation courses and a minimum of three Co-op work terms.

Enrolment Requirements

The minimum qualifications for entry are 4.0 credits, including, BIOA01H3, BIOA02H3, and EESA06H3, plus a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.

Current Co-op Students:

Prospective Co-op Students:

Program Requirements
Students must complete the program requirements as described in the Major Program in Environmental Science.

Co-op Work Term Requirements

Students must satisfactorily complete three Co-op work terms, each of four-months duration. To be eligible for their first work term, students must be enrolled in the Major (Co-op) Program in Environmental Science and have completed at least 7.0 credits.

Co-op Preparation Course Requirements:

2. COPD03H3 – Preparing to Compete for your Co-op Work Term
- Prerequisite: COPD01H3
- This course will be completed eight months in advance of the first scheduled work term

3. COPD11H3 – Managing your Work Term Search & Transition to Work
- Prerequisite: COPD03H3
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the first work scheduled work term

4. COPD12H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part I
- Prerequisite: COPD11H3 and one Co-op work term
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the second scheduled work term

5. COPD13H3 – Integrating Your Work Term Experience Part II
- Prerequisite: COPD12H3 and two Co-op work terms
- This course will be completed four months in advance of the third scheduled work term

For information on fees, status in Co-op programs, and certification of completion of Co-op programs, see Section 6B.5 of the UTSC Calendar.

MINOR PROGRAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (SCIENCE)

Supervisor of Studies/Advisor: M. Wells (416-208-4879) Email: wells@utsc.utoronto.ca

The Minor Program is designed to provide insights into the basic principles of Environmental Science and its application to current environmental issues. It is intended for students with an interest in environmental issues but who do not have the necessary background for specialization in the field. In addition to science students, it is appropriate for students pursuing a degree in the social sciences or in management and economics.

Program Requirements
Total requirements: 4.0 credits

First Year:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth

Second Year:
1.5 credits from the following:
EESB02H3 Principles of Geomorphology
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
EESB15H3 Earth History

Third Year:
[1.5 credits in EES courses of which 1.0 credit must be at the C- or D-level] or [1.0 credit at the C- or D-level in EES courses and PSCD11H3]

MINOR PROGRAM IN NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (SCIENCE)

This Minor is designed to provide students with a multidisciplinary education encompassing the origin and natural history of the Earth, environmental science and environmental management, with emphasis on how these branches of study relate to one another. Building on foundational courses in natural and environmental science, students will develop decision-analysis techniques and a broad perspective on human impact on the environment. In upper years, knowledge of natural, environmental and social sciences is implemented in analyses of real-world issues through integrative environmental studies courses. The program is well suited to complement degree programs in Management, Economics for Management Studies and the Social Sciences. First year students are strongly advised to check prerequisites for B- and C-level courses before choosing their A-level courses.

Note: The Minor in Natural Sciences and Environmental Management cannot be combined with the Major in Environmental Science (Science), the Major Environmental Studies (Arts) or the Minor in Environmental Science (Science).

Program Requirements
Students must complete a total of 4.0 credits as follows:

First Year:
1.0 credit from the following:
ASTA01H3 Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics I: The Sun and Planets
ASTA02H3 Introduction to Astronomy and Astrophysics II: Beyond the Sun and Planets
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
EESA09H3 Wind
EESA10H3 Human Health and the Environment
EESA11H3 Environmental Pollution
ESTB01H3 Introduction to Environmental Studies

Second/Third Year:
1.5 credits from the following:
ASTB03H3 Great Moments in Astronomy*
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science**
EESB15H3 Earth History**
EESB16H3 Feeding Humans - The Cost to the Planet***
EESB18H3 Natural Hazards
EESC13H3 Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing
EESC34H3 Sustainability in Practice

Third/Fourth Year:
1.5 credits from the following:
ESTC35H3 Environmental Science and Technology in Society
ESTC36H3 Knowledge, Ethics and Environmental Decision-Making
POLC53H3 Canadian Environmental Policy
ESTD16H3 Project Management in Environmental Studies
ESTD17Y3 Cohort Capstone Course in Environmental Studies
PSCD02H3 Current Questions in Mathematics and Science
PSCD11H3 Communicating Science: Film, Media, Journalism, and Society

Notes:

* ASTB03H3 cannot be taken in combination with any other AST course in the program.
**Students in the Minor in Natural Sciences and Environmental Management must take EESA06H3 as the prerequisite for these courses.
***The prerequisites for this course are BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3, which are not included in the requirements for the Minor.

Environmental Science Courses

EESA01H3 - Introduction to Environmental Science

The scientific method and its application to natural systems. The physical and biological processes which drive ecosystem functions. Anthropogenic changes in ecosystem functions at local and global scales. Emphasis on the degradation of the atmosphere, soil, water and biological resources caused by human activity. Renewable and non-renewable resource sustainability. Laboratories will include hands-on field and lab related practical experience.

Exclusion: ENV100Y
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA06H3 - Introduction to Planet Earth

This general interest course explores the composition, structure and origin of the Earth and the tectonic, chemical and biological processes that have evolved over the last 4.5 billion years. It explains how planet "works" as a complex system. It provides a fundamental basis for understanding many of the environmental challenges faced by human societies especially natural hazards, water shortages, and climate change, and the importance of natural resources to our economy.

Exclusion: GGR100Y, GLG110H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA07H3 - Water

This course consists of a survey of the planet's water resources and the major issues facing the use of water. Topics include: Earth, the watery planet; water, the last great resource; Canada's waters; Ontario's waters; water and man; water contamination; and protecting our waters. Case studies such as the Walkerton tragedy will be studied. No prior knowledge of environmental science is required.

Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA09H3 - Wind

A survey of the science, history and applications of wind. Topics include storms including hurricanes, tornadoes and mid-latitude cyclones, global circulation, local circulations, measurement of winds, impact of winds on land surfaces, wind power, winds and pollution, historical and literary winds, and contemporary wind research. No prior knowledge of environmental science is required.

Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA10H3 - Human Health and the Environment

Because of pollution, our surroundings are becoming increasingly hazardous to our health. The past century has seen intense industrialization characterized by the widespread production and use of chemicals and the intentional and unintentional disposal of a wide range of waste materials. This course explores the relationship between the incidence of disease in human populations and the environmental pollution. Emphasis will be placed on understanding where and what pollutants are produced, how they are taken up by humans and their long term effects on health; the role of naturally-occurring carcinogens will also be examined. The course will include a view of risk assessment and toxicology using case studies. No prior knowledge of environmental or medical science is required.

Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA11H3 - Environmental Pollution

This course illustrates the environmental effects of urban expansion, changing methods of agriculture, industrialization, recreation, resource extraction, energy needs and the devastation of war. Drawing on information from a wide spectrum of topics - such as waste disposal, tourism, the arctic, tropical forests and fisheries - it demonstrates what we know about how pollutants are produced, the pathways they take through the global environment and how we can measure them. The course will conclude with an examination of the state of health of Canada's environments highlighting areas where environmental contamination is the subject of public discussion and concern. No prior knowledge of environmental science is required.

Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB02H3 - Principles of Geomorphology

The physical and chemical processes responsible for the development of regolith at the surface of the earth and the mechanics of entrainment, transport and deposition of mass by rivers, wind, glaciers, water waves, gravitational stresses, etc., which control the evolution of surface morphology.
Field excursions and laboratory exercises will allow students to apply theory to natural systems and to understand the dynamics of one man-modified geomorphic system.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3
Exclusion: GGR201H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB03H3 - Principles of Climatology

This is an overview of the physical and dynamic nature of meteorology, climatology and related aspects of oceanography. Major topics include: atmospheric composition, nature of atmospheric radiation, atmospheric moisture and cloud development, atmospheric motion including air masses, front formation and upper air circulation, weather forecasting, ocean circulation, climate classification, climate change theory and global warming.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3 or EESA09H3
Exclusion: GGR203H, GGR312H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB04H3 - Principles of Hydrology

The water and energy balances; fluxes through natural systems. Process at the drainage basin scale: precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration and streamflow generation. The measurement of water fluxes, forecasting of rainfall and streamflow events. Human activity and change in hydrologic processes.

Prerequisite: EESA01H3 or EESA06H3 or any B-level EES course.
Exclusion: GGR206H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB05H3 - Principles of Soil Science

A study of the processes of pedogenesis and the development of diverse soil profiles, their field relationships and their response to changing environmental conditions.
An examination of the fundamental soil properties of importance in soil management. An introduction to the techniques of soil examination in the field, soil analysis in the laboratory and the basic principles of soil classification.

Prerequisite: EESA01H3 or EESA06H3
Exclusion: GGR205H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB15H3 - Earth History

Planet Earth is at least 4,400 million years old and a geological record exists for at least the last 3,900 million years in the form of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The changing dynamics of convection deep within the Earth's mantle and associated super-continent assembly and breakup along with meteorite impacts, are now recognized as the major controls on development of the planet's atmosphere, oceans, biology, climate and geo-chemical cycles. This course reviews this long history and the methods and techniques used by geologists to identify ancient environments.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Note: Priority will be given to students in Specialist programs in Environmental Geoscience, Environmental Biology, and Environmental Chemistry.

EESB16H3 - Feeding Humans - The Cost to the Planet

Examines the origins and systems of production of the major plants and animals on which we depend for food. Interactions between those species and systems and the local ecology will be examined, looking at issues of over harvesting, genetic erosion, soil erosion, pesticide use, and impacts of genetically modified strains.

Prerequisite: BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB17H3 - Hydro Politics and Transboundary Water Resources Management

Competition for water resources between countries is common; population and economic growth are exacerbating this. The socio-political, environmental and economic aspects of transboundary water transfers are explored; the success of relevant international treaties and conventions, and the potential for integrated management of transboundary waters are assessed. Examples from Asia, Africa and the Middle East are presented.

Prerequisite: EESA01H3 or EESA07H3
Breadth Requirements: Social & Behavioural Sciences

EESB18H3 - Natural Hazards

This course is an investigation of the geological background and possible solutions to major hazards in the environment.
Environmental hazards to be studied include: landslides, erosion, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, flooding, glaciation, future climate change, subsidence, and the disposal of toxic wastes. This may be of interest to a wide range of students in the life, social, and physical sciences; an opportunity for the non-specialist to understand headline-making geological events of topical interest. No prior knowledge of the Earth Sciences is required.

Exclusion: ( EESA05H3), GLG103H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB19H3 - Mineralogy

A comprehensive introduction to crystalline structure, crystal chemistry, bonding in rock forming minerals, and optical properties of minerals. The course includes laboratory exercises on the identification of minerals in hand specimen, and identification of minerals using polarizing microscopes.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3, CHMA11H3, EESA06H3
Exclusion: ( EESC32H3), ( EESC35H3), GLG423H
Enrolment Limits: 20
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB20H3 - Sedimentology and Stratigraphy

Sedimentary basins hold the bulk of Earth’s rock record and are fundamental in the study of past environments, tectonic evolution, climates, and biosphere. This course will explore different basin types and the nature of their infills. The course will also emphasize the economic resources within sedimentary basins and paleoenvironmental significance.

Prerequisite: EESA01H3 and EESA06H3
Exclusion: ESS331H, ESS332H, ERS313H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist Program in Environmental Geoscience (Co-op and non-Co-op). Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

EESC03H3 - Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing

This course focuses on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for solving a range of scientific problems in the environmental sciences and describing their relationship with - and applicability to - other fields of study (e.g. geography, computer science, engineering, geology, ecology and biology). Topics include (but are not limited to): spatial data types, formats and organization; geo-referencing and coordinate systems; remotely sensed image manipulation and analysis; map production.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3 and 0.5 credit at the B-level in EES courses
Corequisite: 0.5 credit at the B-level in EES courses
Recommended Preparation: GGRB30H3
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

EESC04H3 - Biodiversity and Biogeography

Theoretical and practical aspect of the evolution of organismal diversity in a functional context; examination of species distributions and how these are organized for scientific study. Emphasis will be on the highly diverse invertebrate animals. Topics include biomes, dispersal, adaptation, speciation, extinction and the influence of climate history and humans.

Prerequisite: BIOB50H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC07H3 - Groundwater

Groundwater represents the world's largest and most important fresh water resource. This basic course in hydrogeology introduces the principles of groundwater flow and aquifer storage and shows how a knowledge of these fundamental tools is essential for effective groundwater resource management and protection. Special emphasis is placed on the practical methods of resource exploration and assessment; examples of the approach are given for aquifers under environmental stress in southern Ontario, the US and Africa.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3 and 1.0 full credit in B-level EES courses
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC13H3 - Environmental Impact Assessment and Auditing

To familiarize students with the relevant legislation, qualitative and quantitative approaches and applications for environmental impact assessments and environmental auditing. The focus will be on the assessment of impacts to the natural environment, however, socio-economic impacts will also be discussed. Environmental auditing and environmental certification systems will be discussed in detail. Examples and case studies from forestry, wildlife biology and land use will be used to illustrate the principles and techniques presented in the course. Students will acquire "hands-on" experience in impact assessment and environmental auditing through case studies.

Prerequisite: 1.0 credit in EES courses
Corequisite: 0.5 credit in EES courses
Exclusion: GGR393H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC16H3 - Field Camp I

Many environmental problems can only be assessed by collecting geological and other environmental data in the field. This course will provide students with the necessary skills for fieldwork investigations in a range of environments. The camp is held annually either in May or late August. Locations for the camp include Costa Rica, Rockies, Arizona, and Appalachians.

Prerequisite: Permission of the instructors.
Recommended Preparation: EESB15H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC18H3 - Limnology

North America is endowed with eight of the twelve largest lakes in the world. The origin and geological history, cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and structures of ecosystems of the North American Great Lakes will be used as examples of large lacustrine systems. Fundamental concepts of limnology will be related to features found in the Great Lakes. Topics include: lake origins, lake classification, lake temperature structure and heat budgets, seasonal water circulations, productivity, plankton ecology, food-web dynamics, exotic species invasions, eutrophication-related phenomena and water quality/fisheries management. Specific anthropogenic influences will be illustrated using case studies from the local environment, and students will be allowed to pursue their own interests through a series of short seminars.

Prerequisite: EESB03H3
Recommended Preparation: EESB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC19H3 - Oceanography

The world's oceans constitute more than 70% of the earth's surface environments. This course will introduce students to the dynamics of ocean environments, ranging from the deep ocean basins to marginal seas to the coastal ocean. The large-scale water circulation is examined from an observationally based water mass analysis and from a theoretical hydro-dynamical framework. The circulation of marginal seas, the role of tides, waves and other currents are studied in terms of their effects upon the coastal boundary.

Prerequisite: EESB03H3
Recommended Preparation: EESB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC20H3 - Geochemistry

The course will cover fundamental aspects of chemical processes occurring at the Earth's surface. Terrestrial and aquatic geochemical processes such as: mineral formation and dissolution, redox, aqueous-solid phase interactions, stable isotopes, and organic geochemistry in the environment will be covered.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and CHMA11H3 and EESB15H3
Exclusion: ( EESD32H3), CHM210H, GLG202H, GLG351H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC24H3 - Advanced Readings in Environmental Science

An advanced supervised readings course that can be taken in any session. Students will follow structured independent readings in any area of Environmental Science. A description of the objectives and scope of the individual offering must be approved by the Supervisor of Studies. Two papers are required in the course; the supervisor and one other faculty member will grade them. The course may not be used as a substitute for EES Program requirements.

Prerequisite: A minimum GPA of 2.5, and 3 full credits in EES courses. Permission of the Supervisor of Studies.

EESC30H3 - Environmental Microbiology

This course examines the diversity of microorganisms, their adaptations to special habitats, and their critical role in the ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles. The course covers microbial phylogeny, physiological diversity, species interactions and state of the art methods of detection and enumeration.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and CHMA11H3 and BIOB50H3 and BIOB51H3
Exclusion: ( BGYC55H3)
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC31H3 - Glacial Geology

The last 2.5 million years has seen the repeated formation of large continental ice sheets over North America and Europe. The course will review the geologic and geomorphologic record of past glacial and interglacial climates, the formation and flow of ice sheets , and modern day cold-climate processes in Canada's north. The course includes a one-day field trip to examine the glacial record of the GTA.

Prerequisite: EESA06H3 and EESB20H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC33H3 - Environmental Science Field Course

A field course on selected topics in aquatic environments. Aquatic environmental issues require careful field work to collect related hydrological, meteorological, biological and other environmental data. This hands-on course will teach students the necessary skills for fieldwork investigations on the interactions between air, water, and biota.

Prerequisite: 1.5 full credits at the B-level or higher in EES and permission of instructor.
Exclusion: (EEB310H)
Enrolment Limits: 20
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC34H3 - Sustainability in Practice

This course is intended for students who would like to apply theoretical principles of environmental sustainability learned in other courses to real world problems. Students will identify a problem of interest related either to campus sustainability, a local NGO, or municipal, provincial, or federal government. Class meetings will consist of group discussions investigating key issues, potential solutions, and logistical matters to be considered for implementation of proposed solutions. Students who choose campus issues will also have the potential to actually implement their solutions. Grades will be based on participation in class discussions, as well as a final report and presentation.
Same as ESTC34H3

Prerequisite: EESA06H3 and an additional 9.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTC34H3
Enrolment Limits: 20
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC36H3 - Petrology

This course surveys the processes that produce the chemical and mineralogical diversity of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks including: the distribution, chemical and mineral compositions of rocks of the mantel and crust, their physical properties, and their relation to geological environments. Descriptive petrology for various rocks will also be covered.

Prerequisite: EESB19H3 or ( EESC35H3)
Exclusion: ( EESC32H3), GLG207H, ERS203H
Recommended Preparation: EESB15H3
Enrolment Limits: 20
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Students who do not have the prerequisites will be removed from the course. Priority will be given to students in Year 4 of their program.

EESC37H3 - Structural Geology

The course introduces mechanics of rock deformation. It examines identification, interpretation, and mechanics of faults, folds, and structural features of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks as well as global, regional and local scale structural geology and tectonics. Lectures are supplemented by lab exercises and demonstrations as well as local field trips.

Prerequisite: [ PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3] and EESB15H3 and EESB20H3
Exclusion: GLG345H, ESS241H
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Students who do not have the prerequisites will be removed from the course. Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist Program in Environmental Geoscience. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

EESD02H3 - Contaminant Hydrogeology

Natural hydrochemical processes; the use of major ions, minor ions, trace metals and environmental isotopes in studying the occurrence and nature of ground water flow. Point and non-point sources of ground water contamination and the mechanisms of contaminant transport.

Prerequisite: At least 1 full credit in Environmental Science at the C-level.
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD06H3 - Climate Change Impact Assessment

Climate change over the last 150 years is reviewed by examining the climate record using both direct measurements and proxy data. Projection of future climate is reviewed using the results of sophisticated climate modeling. The climate change impact assessment formalism is introduced and applied to several examples. Students will acquire practical experience in climate change impact assessment through case studies.

Prerequisite: EESB03H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD07H3 - Field Camp II

This field camp will familiarize students with several geological settings and modern environments.
The camp is held annually either in May or late August. Locations for the camp include Costa Rica, Rockies, Arizona, and Appalachians.

Prerequisite: EESC16H3 and permission of the instructors
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD09H3 - Research Project in Environmental Science

The design, implementation, and reporting of a substantial research project involving laboratory and/or fieldwork. Existing faculty research allows a broad range of possible topics. The course should be undertaken after the end of the 3rd Year, subject to faculty availability. Faculty permission and supervision is required; open only to those students who have either completed or are undertaking specialist courses in the area of intended study. Students having a B+ or higher standing may be eligible for summer financial support from research projects.

Prerequisite: At least 1.0 credit at the C-level in EES courses and 0.5 credit at the C-level in CHM, or PHY courses.
Exclusion: GLG470Y, GLG471H
Recommended Preparation: EESC24H3

EESD10Y3 - Research Project in Environmental Science

Prerequisite: At least 1.0 credit at the C-level in EES courses and 0.5 credit at the C-level in CHM, or PHY courses.
Exclusion: GLG470Y, GLG471H
Recommended Preparation: EESC24H3

EESD11H3 - Advanced Watershed Hydrology

The motion of water at the hill slope and drainage basin scales. The relationship between surface and subsurface hydrological processes. Soil hydrologic processes emphasizing infiltration. Stream flow generation mechanisms, hydrometric and isotopic research methods. Problems of physically based and empirical modelling of hydrological processes. Snowmelt energetics and modelling.

Prerequisite: EESB04H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD13H3 - Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics

This course reviews the laws and policies governing the management of natural resources in Canada. It examines the role of law and how it can it can work most effectively with science, economics and politics to tackle environmental problems such as climate change, conservation, and urban sprawl at domestic and international scales.

Prerequisite: Students must have completed at least 15.0 credits
Exclusion: LAW239H
Recommended Preparation: EESA10H3 and EESA11H3 and EESC13H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist and Major programs in Environmental Science. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

EESD15H3 - Fundamentals of Site Remediation

This course consists of a study of the ways in which hazardous organic and inorganic materials can be removed or attenuated in natural systems. The theory behind various technologies, with an emphasis on bioremediation techniques and their success in practice. An introduction to the unique challenges associated with the remediation of surface and ground water environments, soils, marine systems, and contaminated sediments.

Prerequisite: BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3 and CHMA10H3 and CHMA11H3 and [ PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3]
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD16H3 - Project Management in Environmental Studies

Students will select a research problem in an area of special interest. Supervision will be provided by a faculty member with active research in geography, ecology, natural resource management, environmental biology, or geosciences as represented within the departments. Project implementation, project monitoring and evaluation will form the core elements for this course.
Same as ESTD16H3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTD16H3
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD17Y3 - Cohort Capstone Course in Environmental Studies

This course is designed to provide a strong interdisciplinary focus on specific environmental problems including the socioeconomic context in which environmental issues are resolved. The cohort capstone course is in 2 consecutive semesters, providing final year students the opportunity to work in a team, as environmental researchers and consultants, combining knowledge and skill-sets acquired in earlier courses. Group research to local environmental problems and exposure to critical environmental policy issues will be the focal point of the course. Students will attend preliminary meetings schedules in the Fall semester.
Same as ESTD17Y3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTD17Y3
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD18H3 - Environmental Studies Seminar Series

This course will be organized around the DPES seminar series, presenting guest lecturers around interdisciplinary environmental themes. Students will analyze major environmental themes and prepare presentations for in-class debate.
Same as ESTD18H3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTD18H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD19H3 - Professional Development Seminars in Geoscience

This course consists of 12 lectures given by senior industry professionals to prepare students for a post-graduate career in environmental consulting. Lectures will convey the full range of consulting activities, including visits to environmental investigation sites in the Toronto area. Technical writing and oral communication skills will be stressed in assignments.

Prerequisite: Students must be enrolled in the 4th year of their Environmental Science Program.
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD20H3 - Geological Evolution and Environmental History of North America

This course reviews the geological and environmental evolution of the North American continent over the past 4 billion years by exploring the range of plate tectonics involved in continental growth and how those processes continue today. It will explore major changes in terrestrial and marine environments through geologic time and associated organisms and natural resources of economic importance, and will conclude with an examination of recent human anthropogenic influences on our environment especially in regard to urban areas and associated problems of waste management, resource extraction, geological hazards, and the impacts of urbanization on watersheds and water resources. The course will include a weekend field trip to examine the geology and urban environmental problems of The Greater Toronto Area. It provides students in environmental science with a fundamental knowledge of the importance of environmental change on various timescales and the various field methods used to assess such changes.

Prerequisite: 15.0 credits, including at least 4.0 credits at the C- or D-level
Exclusion: ( EESC21H3)
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD33H3 - Field Techniques

This course consists of a series of modules designed for students to gain practical skills necessary to investigate and characterize complex environmental systems. Field projects will allow students to collect scientific data that they will use to interpret the geology, hydrogeology, and chemistry of natural and anthropogenic environments.

Prerequisite: EESB02H3 and EESB04H3 and EESC07H3
Exclusion: EES330H, GGR390H, GGR379H
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist/Specialist Co-op programs in Environmental Science.