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BIOD54H3 - Applied Conservation Biology

Canada has a complex conservation landscape. Through lectures and interactive discussions with leading Canadian conservation practitioners, this course will examine how conservation theory is put into practice in Canada from our international obligations to federal, provincial, and municipal legislation and policies.

Prerequisite: BIOC62H3 or BIOC63H3
Enrolment Limits: 35
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD55H3 - Experimental Animal Behaviour

A hands-on course emphasizing the logic, creative thinking, and careful methodology required to conduct rigorous research on animal behaviour from an evolutionary perspective. Students will devise and run behavioural experiments, primarily using invertebrate models.

Prerequisite: BIOC54H3
Enrolment Limits: 20
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD59H3 - Models in Ecology, Epidemiology and Conservation

Modelling is a critical tool for describing the complex dynamics of ecosystems and for addressing urgent management questions in ecology, epidemiology and conservation. In this practical introduction, students learn how to formulate ecological and epidemiological models, link them to data, and implement/analyze them using computer simulations.  The course includes approaches for modelling individuals, populations, and communities, with applications in population viability assessments, natural resource management and food security, invasive species and pest control, disease eradication, and climate change mitigation.  While not a requirement, some experience with computer programming will be beneficial for this course.

Prerequisite: BIOB50H3 and [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3 or MATA31H3]
Enrolment Limits: 35
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD60H3 - Spatial Ecology

The study of how space and scale influence ecological patterns and species coexistence. The course will cover three main topics: 1) spatial dynamics, such as spatial spread and dispersal models; 2) species coexistence with metapopulation/metacommunity, neutral and lottery models; and 3) spatial analysis of ecological communities. Basic concepts will be applied to ecological problems such as: species invasions, reserve design and understanding threats to island biodiversity.
Priority will be given to students enrolled in the specialist program in Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution.

Prerequisite: BIOB50H3 and STAB22H3 and [BIOC59H3 or BIOC61H3]
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD62H3 - Symbiosis: Interactions Between Species

A species is the basic unit of evolution and symbiotic interactions are integral to the rise of global biodiversity. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this course will study symbiotic systems such as plant-animal, microbe-plant, and microbe-animal interactions. This course thus provides the student with a deeper understanding of how Earth's biodiversity is maintained through natural selection.

Prerequisite: BIOC16H3 or BIOC50H3
Exclusion: EEB340H
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD63H3 - From Individuals to Ecosystems: Advanced Topics in Ecology

This lecture/seminar course will discuss advanced topics in behavioural ecology, ecosystem and landscape ecology, and evolutionary ecology, with an emphasis on the impacts of past and present species interactions. Topics will vary based on current scientific literature and student interests. This course will strengthen the research, writing, and presentation skills of students while deepening their understanding of ecology.

Prerequisite: BIOB50H3 and BIOB51H3 and [0.5 credit from the following: BIOC51H3, BIOC52H3, BIOC54H3, BIOC58H3, BIOC59H3, BIOC60H3, BIOC61H3]
Enrolment Limits: 35
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

BIOD65H3 - Pathologies of the Nervous System

An intensive examination of selected pathologies affecting the nervous system such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. These pathologies will be examined from an integrative perspective encompassing the pathogeneses, resulting symptoms, and current therapeutic approaches. This course requires critical examination of research articles.

Prerequisite: BIOB11H3 and [0.5 credits from the following: BIOC32H3, NROC61H3, NROC64H3 or NROC69H3]
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD66H3 - Causes and Consequences of Biodiversity

This course will combine lecture and student paper projects and presentations to explore the evolutionary and ecological processes that generate patterns of biological diversity as well as how species interactions and ecosystem function are affected by diversity. Of key interest will be how invasions, climate change, and habitat destruction affects diversity and function.

Prerequisite: BIOB51H3 and [BIOC59H3 or BIOC61H3]
Enrolment Limits: 30
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

BIOD67H3 - Inter-University Biology Field Course

Field courses offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB) in a variety of habitats and countries, usually during the summer. OUPFB modules (courses) are posted online in January, and students must apply by the indicated deadline.

Prerequisite: Varies by module (Permission of course co-ordinator required)
Exclusion: (BIOC67H3)
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Additional information is provided on the Department of Biological Sciences website http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/biosci/resources-current-students and on the OUPFB website http://www.oupfb.ca/index.html

BIOD95H3 - Supervised Study in Biology

This course is designed to permit an intensive examination of the primary literature of a select topic. Frequent consultation with the supervisor is necessary and extensive library research is required. The project will culminate in a written report.
Students must obtain a permission form and Supervised Study form from the Biological Sciences website that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to SW421E. Five sessions of group instruction will form part of the coursework.

Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of 12.5 credits, of which at least 4.0 credits must be at the B- or C-level in BIO courses. Students must have permission of the instructor. In order to be eligible for BIOD95H3, with the same instructor as BIOD98Y3 or BIOD99Y3, the student and instructor must provide a plan that goes beyond the work of those courses.
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

BIOD96Y3 - Directed Research in Paramedicine

This course is designed to permit critical analysis of current topics relevant to the broad topic of paramedicine. Students will work independently but under the supervision of an industry leader, practitioner and/or researcher involved in paramedicine, who will guide the in-depth study/research. Students report to the course instructor and paramedicine program supervisor to complete course information and their formal registration. Students must obtain a permission form from the Biological Sciences website that is to be completed, and returned to SW421E.

Prerequisite: Minimum of 14.0 credits including PMDC54Y3 and PMDC56H3 and [PSYB07H3 or STAB22H3]

BIOD98Y3 - Directed Research in Biology

A course designed to permit laboratory or field research or intensive examination of a selected topic in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor.
Students must obtain a permission form from https:///www.utsc.utoronto.ca/biosci/undergraduate-research-opportunities that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to SW421E. At that time, the student will be provided with an outline of the schedule and general requirements for the course. 10 sessions of group instruction will form part of the coursework.

Note: Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.

Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of 13.5 credits, of which at least 4.0 credits must be at the B- or C-level in BIO courses; and permission of the instructor.
Exclusion: CSB498Y, EEB498Y

BIOD99Y3 - Directed Research in Biology

Identical to BIOD98Y3 but intended as a second research experience. In order to be eligible for BIOD99Y3, with the same instructor, the student and the instructor will have to provide a plan of study that goes beyond the work of BIOD98Y3.

Note: Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.

Prerequisite: Satisfactory completion of 13.5 credits, of which at least 4.0 credits must be at the B- or C-level in BIO courses; and permission of the instructor.
Exclusion: CSB498Y, EEB498Y

CHMA10H3 - Introductory Chemistry I: Structure and Bonding

This course will introduce the study of chemical properties and transformations of matter. The course starts with the quantum mechanical model of the atom and the principles of how the periodic table is organized. Key reaction types are explored including acid/base, redox, and precipitation as well as a quantitative description of gases. Bonding and structure in chemical compounds is examined followed by a close look at solutions, solids and intermolecular forces. The course concludes with nuclear chemistry. This course includes a three-hour laboratory every other week.

Exclusion: CHM120H5, CHM151Y1
Recommended Preparation: Grade 12 Chemistry and [Grade 12 Advanced Functions or Grade 12 Calculus] are highly recommended
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3] and [MATA35H3 or MATA36H3] are required for some higher level Physical and Environmental Sciences courses.

CHMA11H3 - Introductory Chemistry II: Reactions and Mechanisms

This course quantitatively examines reactions and equilibria in chemical systems with an emphasis on their thermodynamic properties and chemical kinetics. The course begins with a close examination of solutions followed by dynamic chemical equilibrium. This leads directly to acid/base and solubility equilibria and thermochemistry, including calorimetry. The course concludes with thermodynamics, kinetics and electrochemistry with a strong emphasis on the how these are connected to Gibbs Free Energy. This course includes a three hour laboratory every other week.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3
Exclusion: CHMA12H3, CHM110H5, CHM135H1, CHM139H1, CHM151Y1
Recommended Preparation: [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3]
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3] and [MATA35H3 or MATA36H3] are required for some higher level Physical and Environmental Sciences courses.

CHMA12H3 - Advanced General Chemistry

This course will build on the topics from CHMA10H3, including a close examination of solutions, dynamic chemical equilibrium, acid/base and solubility equilibria and thermochemistry, including calorimetry and thermodynamics, kinetics and electrochemistry as they relate to Gibbs Free Energy. In this course, students will explore these ideas in more detail both from a theoretical and practical point of view, in comparison to CHMA11H3. The lecture portion will focus on how chemical concepts are applied in cutting edge research. The weekly laboratory period will provide students with access to the most current equipment used in both industrial and research settings as well as workshops that will explore how to analyze and extract data from published, peer-reviewed journal articles.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 with a grade of 70% or higher and [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3]
Exclusion: CHMA11H3, CHM151Y1, CHM135H1, CHM110H5
Enrolment Limits: 100

CHMB16H3 - Techniques in Analytical Chemistry

An introduction to the principles and methods of classical analysis and the provision of practical experience in analytical laboratory techniques. The course deals primarily with quantitative chemical analysis. Classical methods of volumetric analysis, sampling techniques, statistical handling of data are studied, as well as a brief introduction to spectro-chemical methods. This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3] and [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3] and [MATA35H3 or MATA36H3]
Exclusion: CHM211H5, CHM217H1
Recommended Preparation: STAB22H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB20H3 - Chemical Thermodynamics and Elementary Kinetics

The concept of chemical potential; phase equilibria; solutions; chemical equilibria (including electrochemical applications); elementary reactions; multi-step and coupled reactions (with biochemical applications); elementary collision theory and transition state theory. This course includes a weekly tutorial.

Prerequisite: [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3] and [ MATA35H3 or MATA36H3 or MATA37H3] and [PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3]
Exclusion: CHMB23H3, CHM220H1, CHM222H1, CHM225Y1, JCP221H5
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Students interested in taking C-level Physical Chemistry courses should take PHYA10H3 instead of PHYA11H3. Some C-level Physical Chemistry courses have PHYA21H3 and MATB41H3 as prerequisites, and PHYA21H3 requires PHYA10H3 as a prerequisite.

CHMB21H3 - Chemical Structure and Spectroscopy

This course uses quantum mechanics to describe atomic and molecular structure and bonding. The theory of these systems is treated first and their spectroscopy afterwards. The following topics are covered: motivation for quantum mechanics, Schrödinger’s equations, quantum postulates and formalisms, solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation for model systems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, hydrogen-like atoms), angular momentum operator, electron spin, many electron atoms, theories of chemical bonding (valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory), quantum mechanics of the internal motion of molecules, spectroscopy of atomic and molecular systems.

Prerequisite: CHMB20H3 or CHMB23H3
Exclusion: CHM223H1, CHM225Y1
Recommended Preparation: MATA23H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Students in the Specialist and Specialist Co-op programs in Medicinal and Biological Chemistry are advised to complete CHMB23H3 rather than CHMB20H3 prior to enrolling in CHMB21H3.

CHMB23H3 - Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics: Theory and Practice

This course explores the concepts of chemical potential, phase equilibria, solutions, chemical equilibria (including electrochemical applications), elementary reactions, multi-step and coupled reactions (with biochemical applications), elementary collision theory and transition state theory.

Prerequisite: [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3] and [ MATA35H3 or MATA36H3 or MATA37H3] and [PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3]
Exclusion: CHMB20H3, CHM220H1, CHM222H1, CHM225Y1, JCP221H5
Enrolment Limits: Restricted to students in the following programs: Specialist in Biological Chemistry, Specialist in Chemistry, Major in Biochemistry, Major in Chemistry
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: 1. Lectures are shared with CHMB20H3. 2. Students interested in taking C-level Physical Chemistry courses should take PHYA10H3 instead of PHYA11H3. Some C-level Physical Chemistry courses have PHYA21H3 and MATB41H3 as prerequisites, and PHYA21H3 requires PHYA10H3 as a prerequisite.

CHMB31H3 - Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry

Fundamental periodic trends and descriptive chemistry of the main group elements are covered. The topics include structures, bonding and reactivity; solid state structures and energetics; and selected chemistry of Group 1, 2, and 13-18. The course has an accompanying practical (laboratory) component taking place every second week.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3]
Exclusion: CHM238Y, CHM231H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB41H3 - Organic Chemistry I

This course begins with a review of chemical bonding in organic structures, followed by an in depth look at conformational analysis and stereochemistry. It explores the reactivity of organic molecules, starting with acid-base reactions, simple additions to carbonyl compounds, reactions of alkenes and alkynes, and substitution reactions. The course includes weekly tutorials and a four hour laboratory every other week.

Prerequisite: [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3]
Exclusion: CHM136H1, CHM138H1, CHM151Y1, CHM242H5
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB42H3 - Organic Chemistry II

This course builds on the topics seen in Organic Chemistry I. Major reactions include electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, and the chemistry of carbonyl compounds. Spectroscopic methods for structure determination are explored (NMR, MS, IR), along with the chemistry of biologically important molecules such as heterocycles and carbohydrates. This course includes a four-hour laboratory every other week, as well as weekly one-hour tutorials.

Prerequisite: [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3] and CHMB41H3
Exclusion: CHM243H5, CHM247H1, CHM249H1
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB43Y3 - Organic Chemistry I and II

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of organic chemistry. Major topics include organic acids/bases, stereochemistry, substitution/elimination mechanisms, reactions of alkenes/alkynes, radicals, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, oxidation/reduction, radicals, spectroscopy, heterocycles and carbohydrates. Includes a 4 hour lab and 6 hours of lecture each week.

Prerequisite: Completion of at least 4.0 credits, including CHMA10H3 and [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3]. Minimum cumulative GPA of 2.7. Permission of instructor.
Exclusion: CHMB41H3, CHMB42H3, CHM138H, CHM151Y, CHM247H, CHM249H, CHM242H, CHM245H
Enrolment Limits: 44
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB55H3 - Environmental Chemistry

An investigation of aspects of chemical substances and processes as they occur in the environment, including both naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals.
This course will include an introduction to atmospheric chemistry, aqueous chemistry, some agricultural and industrial chemistry, and chemical analysis of contaminants and pollutants.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3]
Exclusion: CHM310H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMB62H3 - Introduction to Biochemistry

This course is designed as an introduction to the molecular structure of living systems. Topics will include the physical and chemical properties of proteins, enzymes, fatty acids, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolism and biosynthesis. Emphasis will be placed on the relationships between the chemical structure and biological function.

Prerequisite: CHMA10H3 and [CHMA11H3 or CHMA12H3] and CHMB41H3
Exclusion: BIOC12H3 and BIOC13H3 and BCH210H and BCH242Y and BCH311H and CHM361H and CHM362H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: This course cannot be taken by students enrolled in the Specialist Program in Medicinal and Biological Chemistry and Major Program in Biochemistry.

CHMC11H3 - Principles of Analytical Instrumentation

An introduction to the workings and application of modern analytical instrumentation. A range of modern instrumentation including NMR spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Microscopy. Light Spectroscopy (visible, Ultra Violet, Infrared, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence), X-ray, Chromatography and electrochemical separations will be addressed. Principles of measurement; detection of photons, electrons and ions; instrument and experiment design and application; noise reduction techniques and signal-to-noise optimization will be covered.

Prerequisite: CHMB16H3
Exclusion: CHM317H1, CHM311H5
Recommended Preparation: CHMB20H3 and CHMB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMC16H3 - Analytical Instrumentation

A laboratory course to complement CHMC11H3, Principles of Analytical Instrumentation.
This course provides a practical introduction and experience in the use of modern analytical instrumentation with a focus on the sampling, sample preparation (extraction, clean-up, concentration, derivatization), instrumental trace analysis and data interpretation of various pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples.
This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

Prerequisite: CHMC11H3
Exclusion: CHM317H1, CHM396H5
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMC20H3 - Intermediate Physical Chemistry

Basic statistical mechanics and applications to thermochemistry and kinetics; intermolecular interactions; concepts in reaction dynamics.

Prerequisite: CHMB23H3 and CHMB21H3 and MATB41H3 and PHYA21H3
Exclusion: CHM328H1, JCP322H5
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

CHMC21H3 - Topics in Biophysical Chemistry

Advanced topics in Physical Chemistry with emphasis on biochemical systems. Spectroscopic methods for (bio) molecular structure determination, including IR, NMR, UV/VIS; colloid chemistry; polymers and bio-polymers, bonding structure and statistical mechanics; physical chemistry of membranes, active transport and diffusion; oscillatory (bio)chemical reactions.

Prerequisite: CHMB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences