Climate Change Studies

Faculty List
  • G.B. Arhonditsis, B.Sc., M.Sc. (Agricultural Univ. of Athens, Greece), Ph.D. (Univ. of the Aegean, Greece), Professor  
  • N. Klenk, Ph.D. (British Columbia), Associate Professor  
  • J.I. MacLellan, R.P.F. (New Brunswick), B.A., B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream  
  • A. Martin, B.A.(Hon.), M.F.C., Ph.D. (Toronto), Assistant Professor  
  • C. Mitchell, B.Sc. (McMaster), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor  
  • T. Mohsin, B.Sc. (Dhaka), M.Sc. (Dhaka), M.E.S. (Newcastle), Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream  
  • K. Smith, B.Sc. (Queen’s), M.Sc. (California Institute of Technology), Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream  
  • L. Tozer, B.Sc., (Guelph), M.A, Ph.D. (Toronto), Assistant Professor
  • D. Weaver, B.Sc., B.Ed., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream 

For an updated list of Program Supervisors, please visit the Environmental Studies website.
For more information, visit the Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences website.

[The Major in Climate Change Studies is a new program that is pending final approval in 2025. No offer of admissions will be made to the program pending final approval by the Ontario Universities Council on Quality Assurance.]

Climate change is a profound challenge for society. The Major in Climate Change Studies prepares students to understand and address the social, economic, political, and ecological aspects of climate change by providing them with a strong foundation in the human dimensions of climate change (e.g., policy responses, social justice concerns, and cultural change), as well as an introduction to the physical science basis of climate change (e.g., global ecological systems and the science of climate change).  

Students complete courses in interdisciplinary environmental studies and environmental sciences, as well as courses in politics and social sciences. Through the selection of elective courses, students will have the opportunity to focus on aspects of the climate change challenge in accordance with their interests and career goals, including scientific, political, social and cultural aspects (e.g., politics, Indigenous studies, policy, law, development studies etc.), and/or physical science aspects of climate change (e.g., climatology, climate change impact assessment etc.). These courses also include many opportunities for experiential learning through problem-solving case studies, team-based projects, and individual research. The Major in Climate Change Studies is an excellent companion to Majors such as Anthropology, Human Geography, Political Science, Public Policy, Sociology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Environmental Science, Biology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Physics and Astrophysics, and Physical Sciences.

Program Combination Restrictions

The Major in Climate Change Studies cannot be combined with the Major in Environmental Studies. 

Experiential Learning and Outreach

For a community-based experiential learning opportunity in your academic field of interest, consider the course CTLB03H3, which can be found in the Teaching and Learning section of the Calendar.

Climate Change Studies Programs

MAJOR PROGRAM IN CLIMATE CHANGE STUDIES (ARTS)

[The Major in Climate Change Studies is a new program that is pending final approval in 2025. No offer of admissions will be made to the program pending final approval by the Ontario Universities Council on Quality Assurance.]

Climate change is a profound challenge for society. The Major in Climate Change Studies prepares students to understand and address the social, economic, political, and ecological aspects of climate change by providing them with a strong foundation in the human dimensions of climate change (e.g., policy responses, social justice concerns, and cultural change), as well as an introduction to the physical science basis of climate change (e.g., global ecological systems and the science of climate change).

Students complete courses in interdisciplinary environmental studies and environmental sciences, as well as courses in politics and social sciences. Through the selection of elective courses, students will have the opportunity to focus on aspects of the climate change challenge in accordance with their interests and career goals, including scientific, political, social and cultural aspects (e.g., politics, Indigenous studies, policy, law, development studies etc.), and/or physical science aspects of climate change (e.g., climatology, climate change impact assessment etc.). These courses also include many opportunities for experiential learning through problem-solving case studies, team-based projects, and individual research. The Major in Climate Change Studies is an excellent companion to Majors such as Anthropology, Human Geography, Political Science, Public Policy, Sociology, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Environmental Science, Biology, Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Physics and Astrophysics, and Physical Sciences.

Program Restrictions
The Major in Climate Change Studies cannot be combined with the Major in Environmental Studies.

Program Requirements
Students must complete 8.5 credits as follows:

Foundations (2.5 credits):
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
ESTB01H3 Introduction to Environmental Studies
and 0.5 credit from:
ANTB01H3 Political Ecology*
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments
POLA01H3 Critical Issues in Politics I
POLA02H3 Critical Issues in Politics II
POLB80H3 Introduction to International Relations I
POLB90H3 Comparative Development in International Perspective
POLB91H3 Introduction to Comparative Politics
and 0.5 credit from:
ANTA02H3 Introduction to Anthropology: Society, Culture and Language
FSTA01H3 Foods That Changed the World
FSTA02H3 Food Futures: Confronting Crises, Improving Lives
IDSA01H3 Introduction to International Development Studies
MGEA01H3 Introduction to Microeconomics
MGEA05H3 Introduction to Macroeconomics
WSTA01H3 Introduction to Women's and Gender Studies

Core Courses (1.5 credits):
ESTB04H3 Addressing the Climate Crisis
ESTB05H3 Climate Science for Everyone
and 0.5 credit from:
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology*
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB18H3 Natural Hazards
ESTB02H3/​ GGRB18H3 Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations
ESTB03H3 Back to the Land: Restoring Embodied and Affective Ways of Knowing
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
IDSB02H3 Development and Environment
STAB22H3 Statistics I (or equivalent)

Applications and Skills (4.5 credits):
ESTC35H3 Environmental Science and Technology in Society
ESTC36H3 Knowledge, Ethics and Environmental Decision-Making
ESTC37H3 Energy and Sustainability
EESD17Y3/​ ESTD17Y3 Cohort Capstone Course in Environmental Studies
ESTD19H3 Risk
and 1.0 credit from:
ESTC40H3 Technical Methods for Climate Change Mitigation
EESD16H3/​ ESTD16H3 Project Management in Environmental Studies
ESTD20H3 Integrated Natural Resource and Climate Change Governance
EESC34H3/​ ESTC34H3 Sustainability in Practice
and 0.5 credit from:
ANTB36H3 Anthropology of the End of the World
EESC38H3/​ ESTC38H3 The Anthropocene*
GGRC24H3 Socio-Natures and the Cultural Politics of 'The Environment'
GGRC26H3 Geographies of Environmental Governance
GGRC28H3 Indigenous Peoples, Environment and Justice
GGRC44H3 Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development
POLC53H3 Canadian Environmental Policy
SOCC37H3 Environment and Society*
EESD06H3 Climate Change Impact Assessment*
EESD13H3 Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics
POLD89H3 Global Environmental Politics
PSCD11H3 Communicating Science: Film, Media, Journalism, and Society
EESD09H3/​ EESD10Y3 Research Project in Environmental Science
ENGC59H3 Literature and the Environment

*This course requires pre-requisites that are not part of this program. Check all pre-requisites carefully.

 

Environmental Science, Climate Change Studies Courses

EESA01H3 - Introduction to Environmental Science

The scientific method and its application to natural systems. The physical and biological processes which drive ecosystem functions. Anthropogenic changes in ecosystem functions at local and global scales. Emphasis on the degradation of the atmosphere, soil, water and biological resources caused by human activity. Renewable and non-renewable resource sustainability. Laboratories will include hands-on field and lab related practical experience.

Exclusion: ENV100Y
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESA06H3 - Introduction to Planet Earth

This general interest course explores the composition, structure and origin of the Earth and the tectonic, chemical and biological processes that have evolved over the last 4.5 billion years. It explains how planet "works" as a complex system. It provides a fundamental basis for understanding many of the environmental challenges faced by human societies especially natural hazards, water shortages, and climate change, and the importance of natural resources to our economy.

Exclusion: GGR100Y, GLG110H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB03H3 - Principles of Climatology

This is an overview of the physical and dynamic nature of meteorology, climatology and related aspects of oceanography. Major topics include: atmospheric composition, nature of atmospheric radiation, atmospheric moisture and cloud development, atmospheric motion including air masses, front formation and upper air circulation, weather forecasting, ocean circulation, climate classification, climate change theory and global warming.

Prerequisite: [EESA06H3 or EESA09H3] and [MATA29H3 or MATA30H3]
Exclusion: GGR203H, GGR312H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB04H3 - Principles of Hydrology

The water and energy balances; fluxes through natural systems. Process at the drainage basin scale: precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration and streamflow generation. The measurement of water fluxes, forecasting of rainfall and streamflow events. Human activity and change in hydrologic processes.

Prerequisite: EESA01H3 or EESA06H3 or any B-level EES course.
Exclusion: GGR206H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESB18H3 - Natural Hazards

This course is an investigation of the geological background and possible solutions to major hazards in the environment.
Environmental hazards to be studied include: landslides, erosion, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, asteroid impacts, flooding, glaciation, future climate change, subsidence, and the disposal of toxic wastes. This may be of interest to a wide range of students in the life, social, and physical sciences; an opportunity for the non-specialist to understand headline-making geological events of topical interest. No prior knowledge of the Earth Sciences is required.

Exclusion: (EESA05H3), GLG103H
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESC38H3 - The Anthropocene

“The Anthropocene” is a term that now frames wide-ranging scientific and cultural debates and research, surrounding how humans have fundamentally altered Earth’s biotic and abiotic environment. This course explores the scientific basis of the Anthropocene, with a focus on how anthropogenic alterations to Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, have shifted Earth into a novel geological epoch. Students in this course will also discuss and debate how accepting the Anthropocene hypothesis, entails a fundamental shift in how humans view and manage the natural world.
Same as ESTC38H3

Prerequisite: ESTB01H3 and [1.0 credit from the following: EESB03H3, EESB04H3 and EESB05H3]
Exclusion: ESTC38H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD06H3 - Climate Change Impact Assessment

Climate change over the last 150 years is reviewed by examining the climate record using both direct measurements and proxy data. Projection of future climate is reviewed using the results of sophisticated climate modeling. The climate change impact assessment formalism is introduced and applied to several examples. Students will acquire practical experience in climate change impact assessment through case studies.

Prerequisite: EESB03H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD10Y3 - Research Project in Environmental Science

This course entails the design, implementation, and reporting of an independent and substantial research project, under the direct supervision of a faculty member. Research may involve laboratory, fieldwork, and/or computer-based analyses, with the final products being presented primarily as a written thesis, though other course work, such as oral presentations of student research, may also be required. All areas of environmental science research that are supported by existing faculty members are permissible. The course should be undertaken after the end of the 3rd Year, and is subject to faculty availability. Faculty permission and supervision is required.

Prerequisite: Permission of the course coordinator.
Exclusion: EESD09H3
Recommended Preparation: PSCB90H3 and EESC24H3
Course Experience: University-Based Experience
Note: Students must apply to the course coordinator for admission into this course. Applications must be received by the end of August for enrolment in the fall semester. Applications should consist of a completed 1-page application form (available from the course instructor) that includes: 1. Student name, number, academic program, and current year of study; 2. A note of intent indicating the student's wish to enrol in EESD10Y3; 3. A brief description of the projects of interest to the student; 4. A list of relevant courses successfully completed by the student, as well as any relevant courses to be taken during the concurrent session; 5. The confirmed name of the supervising professor, the date and method in which confirmation of their willingness to supervise was received (i.e., this must determined ahead of time, through personal correspondence with a professor). Generally, only students meeting the following requirements will be admitted to EESD10Y3: 1. A Cumulative Grade Point Average of 2.5 or higher; 2. Completion of at least 12.0 full credits (see point 4 below); 3. Completion of at least 1.5 full credits of C-level environmental science courses (see point 4 below); 4. For students in the Specialist/Specialist Co-op programs in Environmental Physics, completion of Year 3 and completion of at least 1.0 C-level PHY courses. Students who do not meet these criteria, are strongly encouraged to consider enrolment in PSCB90H3 and/ or EESC24H3 as an alternative to EESD10Y3. Once the course coordinator (or designate) has approved enrolment to EESD10Y3, they will sign the course enrolment form for submission to the registrar. Note that the course coordinator (or designate) is the only one permitted to give "permission of instructor" on this form.

EESD13H3 - Environmental Law, Policy and Ethics

This course reviews the laws and policies governing the management of natural resources in Canada. It examines the role of law and how it can it can work most effectively with science, economics and politics to tackle environmental problems such as climate change, conservation, and urban sprawl at domestic and international scales.

Prerequisite: Students must have completed at least 15.0 credits
Exclusion: LAW239H
Recommended Preparation: EESA10H3 and EESA11H3 and EESC13H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Specialist and Major programs in Environmental Science. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

EESD16H3 - Project Management in Environmental Studies

Students will select a research problem in an area of special interest. Supervision will be provided by a faculty member with active research in geography, ecology, natural resource management, environmental biology, or geosciences as represented within the departments. Project implementation, project monitoring and evaluation will form the core elements for this course.
Same as ESTD16H3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTD16H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

EESD17Y3 - Cohort Capstone Course in Environmental Studies

This course is designed to provide a strong interdisciplinary focus on specific environmental problems including the socioeconomic context in which environmental issues are resolved. The cohort capstone course is in 2 consecutive semesters, providing final year students the opportunity to work in a team, as environmental researchers and consultants, combining knowledge and skill-sets acquired in earlier courses. Group research to local environmental problems and exposure to critical environmental policy issues will be the focal point of the course. Students will attend preliminary meetings schedules in the Fall semester.
Same as ESTD17Y3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: ESTD17Y3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

ESTB01H3 - Introduction to Environmental Studies

This course introduces the Environmental Studies major and the interdisciplinary study of the environment through a team-teaching format. Students will explore both physical and social science perspectives on the environment, sustainability, environmental problems and their solutions. Emphasis will be on critical thinking, problem solving, and experiential learning.

Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

ESTB02H3 - Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations

Introduces students to the geography of Indigenous-Crown-Land relations in Canada. Beginning with pre-European contact and the historic Nation-to-Nation relationship, the course will survey major research inquiries from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples to Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Students will learn how ongoing land and treaty violations impact Indigenous peoples, settler society, and the land in Canada.

Same as GGRB18H3

Prerequisite: 4.0 credits, including at least 0.5 credit in ANT, CIT, EST, GGR, HLT, IDS, POL or SOC
Exclusion: GGRB18H3

ESTB03H3 - Back to the Land: Restoring Embodied and Affective Ways of Knowing

In this course students will learn about sustainability thinking, its key concepts, historical development and applications to current environmental challenges. More specifically, students will gain a better understanding of the complexity of values, knowledge, and problem framings that sustainability practice engages with through a focused interdisciplinary study of land. This is a required course for the Certificate in Sustainability, a certificate available to any student at UTSC.

Same as VPHB69H3.

Exclusion: VPHB69H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

ESTB04H3 - Addressing the Climate Crisis

Addressing the climate crisis is a profound challenge for society. This course explores climate change and what people are doing about it. This course emphasizes the human dimensions of the climate crisis. It introduces students to potential solutions, ethical and justice considerations, climate change policies and politics, and barriers standing in the way of effective action. With an emphasis on potential solutions, students will learn how society can eliminate greenhouse gas emissions through potential climate change mitigation actions and about adaptation actions that can help reduce the impacts of climate change on humans. This course is intended for students from all backgrounds interested in understanding the human dimensions of the climate crisis and developing their ability to explain potential solutions.

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR314H1
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

ESTB05H3 - Climate Science for Everyone

This course provides a conceptual and qualitative overview of climate science and a discussion of climate science misinformation. The course is intended to be accessible to arts and humanities students seeking to better understand and gain fluency in the physical science basis of climate change. Major topics will include the Earth’s climate system, reconstruction of past climates, factors that impact the Earth’s climate, climate measurements and models, and future climate change scenarios.

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR314H1, GGR377H5
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience
Note: Priority enrollment for students in the Environmental Studies Major Program in Climate Change (Arts)

ESTC34H3 - Sustainability in Practice

This course is intended for students who would like to apply theoretical principles of environmental sustainability learned in other courses to real world problems. Students will identify a problem of interest related either to campus sustainability, a local NGO, or municipal, provincial, or federal government. Class meetings will consist of group discussions investigating key issues, potential solutions, and logistical matters to be considered for the implementation of proposed solutions. Students who choose campus issues will also have the potential to actually implement their solutions. Grades will be based on participation in class discussions, as well as a final report and presentation.

Same as EESC34H3

Prerequisite: Any 9.5 credits
Exclusion: EESC34H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

ESTC35H3 - Environmental Science and Technology in Society

In this course students will engage critically, practically and creatively with environmental controversies and urgent environmental issues from the standpoint of the sociology of science and technology (STS). This course will contribute to a better understanding of the social and political construction of environmental science and technology.

Prerequisite: ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Environmental Studies Program. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

ESTC36H3 - Knowledge, Ethics and Environmental Decision-Making

Most environmental issues have many sides including scientific, social, cultural, ethical, political, and economic. Current national, regional and local problems will be discussed in class to help students critically analyze the roots of the problems and possible approaches to decision-making in a context of pluralism and complexity.

Prerequisite: ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Environmental Studies Program. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

ESTC37H3 - Energy and Sustainability

This course will address energy systems and policy, focusing on opportunities and constraints for sustainable energy transitions. The course introduces energy systems, including how energy is used in society, decarbonization pathways for energy, and the social and political challenges of transitioning to zero carbon and resilient energy systems. Drawing on real-world case studies, students will learn about energy sources, end uses, technologies, institutions, politics, policy tools and the social and ecological impacts of energy. Students will learn integrated and interdisciplinary approaches to energy systems analysis and gain skills in imagining and planning sustainable energy futures.

Prerequisite: 10.0 credits including ESTB04H3
Exclusion: ENV350H1
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

ESTC38H3 - The Anthropocene

“The Anthropocene” is a term that now frames wide-ranging scientific and cultural debates and research, surrounding how humans have fundamentally altered Earth’s biotic and abiotic environment. This course explores the scientific basis of the Anthropocene, with a focus on how anthropogenic alterations to Earth’s atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere, have shifted Earth into a novel geological epoch. Students in this course will also discuss and debate how accepting the Anthropocene hypothesis, entails a fundamental shift in how humans view and manage the natural world.
Same as EESC38H3

Prerequisite: ESTB01H3 and [1.0 credit from the following: EESB03H3, EESB04H3 and EESB05H3]
Exclusion: EESC38H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

ESTC40H3 - Technical Methods for Climate Change Mitigation

Addressing the climate crisis requires designing and implementing effective climate change mitigation targets, strategies, policies and actions to eliminate human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. In this course, students will learn the various technical methods required in climate change mitigation. Students will explore the opportunities, barriers, and tools that exist to implement effective climate change mitigation in the energy, industry, waste, and agriculture, forestry and land-use sectors. The emphasis of the course is on the technical methods that climate change mitigation experts require.

Prerequisite: 10.0 credits including ESTB04H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

ESTD16H3 - Project Management in Environmental Studies

Students will select a research problem in an area of special interest. Supervision will be provided by a faculty member with active research in geography, ecology, natural resource management, environmental biology, or geosciences as represented within the departments. Project implementation, project monitoring and evaluation will form the core elements for this course.
Same as EESD16H3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: EESD16H3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

ESTD17Y3 - Cohort Capstone Course in Environmental Studies

This course is designed to provide a strong interdisciplinary focus on specific environmental problems including the socioeconomic context in which environmental issues are resolved. The cohort capstone course is in 2 consecutive semesters, providing final year students the opportunity to work in a team, as environmental researchers and consultants, combining knowledge and skill-sets acquired in earlier courses. Group research to local environmental problems and exposure to critical environmental policy issues will be the focal point of the course. Students will attend preliminary meetings schedules in the Fall semester.
Same as EESD17Y3

Prerequisite: At least 14.5 credits
Exclusion: EESD17Y3
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

ESTD19H3 - Risk

A practical introduction to the concept of 'risk' as utilized in environmental decision-making. Students are introduced to risk analysis and assessment procedures as applied in business, government, and civil society. Three modules take students from relatively simple determinations of risk (e.g., infrastructure flooding) towards more complex, real-world, inclusive considerations (e.g., ecosystem impacts of climate change).

Prerequisite: 14.5 credits and STAB22H3 (or equivalent)
Breadth Requirements: Natural Sciences

ESTD20H3 - Integrated Natural Resource and Climate Change Governance

Climate change affects all sectors of society, natural ecosystems, and future generations. Addressing climate change, either in terms of mitigation or adaptation, is complex due to its pervasive scope, the heterogeneity of its impacts and the uneven distribution of responsibilities, resources and capacities to respond to it between different levels of government, stakeholder groups, and rightholder groups. This course focuses on nexus approaches in climate policy development and assessment across different public policy domains. In this course, students will learn about how different levels of government frame climate change and climate policy objectives, how they interact with stakeholders (e.g., economic interests and environmental groups) and rightholders (Indigenous people), and how to approach complexity in climate governance.

Prerequisite: 14.0 credits including ESTB04H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

FSTA01H3 - Foods That Changed the World

This course introduces students to university-level skills through an exploration of the connections between food, environment, culture, religion, and society. Using a food biography perspective, it critically examines ecological, material, and political foundations of the global food system and how food practices affect raced, classed, gendered, and national identities.

Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

FSTA02H3 - Food Futures: Confronting Crises, Improving Lives

This course provides innovation and entrepreneurship skills to address major problems in socially just food production, distribution, and consumption in the time of climate crisis. Students will learn to identify and understand what have been called “wicked problems” -- deeply complicated issues with multiple, conflicting stakeholders -- and to develop community-scale solutions.

Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

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