Geography

Faculty List
  • H. Arik, B.A. (Bogazici University), M.A. (Central European University), Ph.D. (York), Assistant Professor
  • G. Brauen, B.Sc (New Brunswick), M.C.S, Ph.D. (Carleton), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
  • M. Buckley, B.Sc., M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Oxford), Associate Professor
  • M. F. Bunce, B.A. (Sheffield), Ph.D. (Sheffield), Associate Professor Emeritus
  • S.C. Bunce, B.A. (Guelph), M.E.S. Pl. (York), Ph.D. (York), Associate Professor
  • M. Ekers, B.Sc., (Lakehead), M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Oxford), Associate Professor
  • S. Farber, B.A. (McGill), M.S.A (Ryerson), Ph.D. (McMaster), Associate Professor
  • M. Hunter, B.A. (Sussex), M.A. (Univ. of Natal), Ph.D. (Univ. California Berkeley), Professor
  • R. Goffe, B.Arch. (Temple University), Ph.D. (City University of New York), Assistant Professor
  • C. Higgins, B.A. (Brock), M.A. (McMaster), Ph.D. (McMaster), Assistant Professor
  • T. Kepe, B.Agric. (Fort Hare), M.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Western Cape), Professor
  • N. Latulippe, B.A. (Nipissing), M.A. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Toronto), Assistant Professor
  • K. MacDonald, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. (Waterloo), Associate Professor
  • J. R. Miron, B.A. (Queen's), M.A. (Penn.), M.Sc. (pl.), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor Emeritus
  • S. Mollett, B.A., M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor
  • S. Montero, B.A. (Granada), M.A., Ph.D. (UC Berkeley), Associate Professor
  • A. Mountz, B.A. (Dartmouth), M.A. (Hunter), Ph.D (University of British Columbia), Professor 
  • R. Narayanareddy, MESc. (Yale University), Ph.D. (University of Minnesota), Associate Professor
  • N. Oswin, B.A. (Toronto), M.A. (Dalhousie), Ph.D. (University of British Columbia), Associate Professor
  • E.C. Relph, B.A., M.Phil. (London), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor Emeritus
  • A. Sorensen, B.F.A. (Nova Scotia College of Art and Design), M.Sc., Ph.D. (London), Professor
  • I. Szeman, B.A. (Queens), M.A. (Western), Ph.D. (Duke), Professor

Chair: T. Kepe
For curriculum inquiries please contact the Geography Program Advisor.
For more information, visit the Department of Human Geography website.

Geography is a broad-ranging subject. As a social science, it is concerned with the spatial patterns of human activity and the character of regions and places. It is a subject that is well placed to explore the complex relationships between society and the natural environment as well as the social and economic problems of human land use and settlement. It, therefore, complements other programs such as: City Studies, Environmental Science, Political Science, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics for Management Studies and International Development Studies. Geography courses are also listed as options in several UTSC programs including City Studies, Economics, Environmental Studies, Health Studies, International Development Studies, Public Policy and Women's and Gender Studies.

Combined Degree Programs, Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

The Combined Degree Programs for UTSC Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc)/ Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA) with the Master of Teaching (MT) offered by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education provide students with a direct pathway to the completion, in 6 years, of their Undergraduate degree, Ontario Teacher’s Certificate of Qualifications, and Master’s degree.​ These Combined Degree Programs allow students to complete 1.0 credit in courses that may be counted towards both degrees.

The Combined Degree Programs options are:

  • Combined Degree Program: UTSC, Honours Bachelor of Arts, Specialist in Human Geography/ Master of Teaching
  • Combined Degree Program: UTSC, Honours Bachelor of Arts, Major in Human Geography/ Master of Teaching

Program Combination Restrictions

The Specialist, Major and Minor programs in Human Geography cannot be combined.

For more information, including Admission and Program requirements, see the Combined Degree Programs section of the Calendar.​
 

Human Geography Areas of Focus:

*Indicates a course that crosses two areas of focus.
 

Experiential Learning and Outreach

For a community-based experiential learning opportunity in your academic field of interest, consider the course CTLB03H3, which can be found in the Teaching and Learning section of the Calendar.

Geography Programs

COMBINED DEGREE PROGRAMS, HONOURS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE OR HONOURS BACHELOR OF ARTS / MASTER OF TEACHING

The Combined Degree Programs for UTSC Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc)/ Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA) with the Master of Teaching (MT) offered by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education are designed for students who are interested in a career in Education. They allow exceptional students who are registered in one of the 50 identified Specialist and Major programs to gain early admission to the MT, which is a full-time professional program that leads to both a Master's degree and eligibility to become a certified teacher in Ontario. Students who successfully complete one of the Combined Degree Programs listed below will earn two University of Toronto degrees (HBA/ HBSc and MT), and be recommended to the Ontario College of Teachers for a Certificate of Qualifications as elementary or secondary school teachers.

Contact Information:
Combined Degree Programs Coordinator
Email: cdp.utsc@utoronto.ca

The Combined Degree Programs options are:

Department of Anthropology

  • Evolutionary Anthropology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Evolutionary Anthropology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Arts, Culture and Media

  • Theatre and Performance Studies (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Biological Sciences

  • Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Conservation and Biodiversity (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Conservation and Biodiversity (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Human Biology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Human Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Integrative Biology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology, Immunology and Disease (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Plant Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching

Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

  • Mathematics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching

Department of English

  • English (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • English (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • English (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • English (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Language Studies

  • French (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • French (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • French (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • French (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Historical and Cultural Studies

  • History (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • History (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Human Geography

  • Human Geography (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • Human Geography (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences

  • Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Biochemistry (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Biochemistry (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Global Environmental Change (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Global Environmental Change (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Physics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Physics (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Physics and Astrophysics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Physics and Astrophysics (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching
  • Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/ Master of Teaching

Department of Sociology

  • Sociology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching
  • Sociology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

Students applying to the MT must have two teaching subjects regardless of the concentration they are applying to (Primary/Junior, Junior/Intermediate, or Intermediate/Senior), and must have completed at least 6.0 credits in their first teaching subject and at least 3.0 credits in their second teaching subject (note: both French as a Second Language and Science require at least 6.0 credits in university courses even when they are a second teaching subject). Each of the programs listed below includes a minimum of 6.0 credits in courses that can be applied towards the completion of the prerequisites for the identified OISE teaching subject(s).

UTSC Programs Fit With OISE MT Teaching Subjects:

UTSC ProgramMT Teaching Subjects - Required Number of Courses/Credits Completed
- Specialist/ Specialist Co-op in Medicinal and Biological ChemistryScience - Chemistry, or
Science - Biology, or
Science - General
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyScience - Biology, or
Science - General
- Major/Major Co-op In Biochemistry
- Major in Biology
- Specialist in Conservation and Biodiversity
- Major in Conservation and Biodiversity
- Specialist in Human Biology
- Major in Human Biology
- Specialist in Integrative Biology
- Major in Molecular Biology, Immunology and Disease
- Major in Plant Biology
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Global Environmental Change

Science - Biology

 

- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Chemistry
- Major/Major Co-op in Chemistry
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Environmental Chemistry
Science - Chemistry
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Environmental Physics
- Specialist in Physics and Astrophysics
- Major in Physics and Astrophysics
- Specialist in Physical and Mathematical Sciences
Science - Physics
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in Mathematics
- Major/Major Co-op in Mathematics
Mathematics
- Specialist in Evolutionary Anthropology
- Major in Evolutionary Anthropology
- Specialist in Socio-Cultural Anthropology
- Major in Socio-Cultural Anthropology
- Specialist in Sociology
- Major in Sociology
Social Science - General
- Major in Theatre and Performance StudiesDramatic Arts
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in English
- Major/Major Co-op in English
English
- Specialist/Specialist Co-op in French
- Major/Major Co-op in French
French (Second Language)
- Specialist in History
- Major in History
History
- Specialist in Human Geography
- Major in Human Geography
Geography

Application Process:

  • Applicants must apply to the Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA)/ Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc) program, the MT program and the CDP.
  • Qualified students in Year 3 of their HBA/ HBSc degree program apply to the MT program; those accepted will receive a conditional offer to start the MT program upon completion of their HBA/ HBSc program and degree requirements.

Minimum Admission Requirements:

To be considered for conditional admission to the MT program and the selected CDP, applicants must meet the following admission requirements:

  • Be admitted to the HBA/ HBSc degree and at least one of the above-listed undergraduate programs at UTSC.
  • Meet the admission requirements of the School of Graduate Studies and the MT program.
  • Be enrolled full-time and in good standing in the HBA/ HBSc program(s):
    • have a B+ average or higher in Year 2;
    • carry a full course load of 5.0 credits each year (i.e., complete 5.0 credits over the three academic sessions - Fall, Winter, Summer); where necessary, exceptions will be made for students in Co-op programs.
  • Have completed at least half of the teaching subjects' prerequisite courses - i.e., 3.0 credits in the first teaching subject and at least 1.5 credits in the second teaching subject (or 3.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science) - by the end of Year 3.
  • Provide at least two letters of reference (see: http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/mt/Home.html).
  • Provide a Statement of Intent indicating their preferred concentration (Primary/Junior, Junior Intermediate, or Intermediate/Senior) and describe three significant teaching and/or teaching-related experiences they have had, especially with groups of children; with reference to these experiences, applicants should identify insights gained about teaching and learning, and explain how, based on these insights, they might contribute to the education of students in today's schools. On their resumé, applicants must list, in chart form, the extent of their teaching experiences; the chart should include dates, location of the experience, applicants' role, and number of hours working with students.
  • Meet other qualifications as specified by the MT program, including: a police record check, relevant teaching experiences, academic and professional references, and satisfying teaching subject prerequisites.

To be given full, unconditional admission to the MT program, applicants must meet the following admission requirements:

  • Maintain a B+ average or higher in their final year of study in the HBA/ HBSc program, or over upper-level (C- and D-level) courses.
  • Achieve at least a B+ average in 1.0 credit in graduate courses taken in Year 4.
  • Regardless of the concentration to which they are applying (Primary/Junior, Junior/Intermediate, Intermediate/Senior), complete the prerequisites for both the first and second teaching subjects; students are encouraged to consult often with their HBA/HBSc Program Supervisor, as well as the Combined Degree Programs Coordinator.
  • Be conferred with the HBA/ HBSc degree.

Program Requirements and Path to Completion:

  • Year 1 to 4: HBA/ HBSc degree requirements:
    • students must complete all of the HBA/ HBSc program and degree requirements;
    • students are expected to carry a full course load of 5.0 credits over the three academic sessions (Fall, Winter, Summer) of each year;
    • in Year 3, qualified students may apply to the MT and the CDP and may be offered conditional admission to the MT;
    • by the end of Year 3 students must complete at least 3.0 credits required for the first teaching subject, and at least 1.5 credits for the second teaching subject (or 3.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science);
    • in Year 4, students who receive a conditional offer of admission to the CDP must complete any two of the graduate elective half courses recommended by OISE for CDP students; these courses (1.0 credit) are counted towards the completion of both the HBA/ HBSc degree and the MT program and degree; CDP students are graded as graduate students in these courses and are required to meet graduate expectations;
    • by the end of Year 4, students must complete all HBA/ HBSc program requirements and degree requirements, including at least 6.0 credits required for the first teaching subject, and  at least 3.0 credits for the second teaching subject (or 6.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science).
  • Year 5 and 6: Remaining MT program and degree requirements:
    • students must complete 11.0 credits as identified by OISE.

SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCSPE1666H

The Specialist in Human Geography expands upon, and enhances, the course requirements and learning outcomes of the Major in Human Geography. It is a more in-depth program that allows a deeper exploration of Human Geography, thus creating an opportunity for advanced students to engage in a richer, more intensive program, and allowing them to gain a sufficient depth of knowledge, and the enhanced methods and skills training they will need, for graduate studies or to compete in employment markets. The Specialist program will pair nicely with the Minor in GIS, or the Minor in City Studies.

Program Requirements
Students must complete 12.0 credits as follows:

1. Foundations of Human Geography (1.0 credit from among the following):
GGRA02H3 The Geography of Global Processes
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments
GGRA35H3 The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

2. Theory and Concepts in Human Geography (2.5 credits):
GGRB02H3 The Logic of Geographical Thought
GGRB03H3 Writing Geography
and
1.5 credits from the following:
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography
GGRB18H3/​EESB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

3. Methods (2.0 credits):
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
STAB23H3 Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences (or equivalent)
and
1.0 credit from the following:
GGRB30H3 Fundamentals of GIS I
GGRB32H3 Fundamentals of GIS II
GGRC31H3 Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography

4. Applications (5.5 credits):
5.5 additional credits at the C- and/or D-level in GGR courses

5. Advanced Applications (1.0 credit):
1.0 credit at the D-level in GGR courses

MAJOR PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMAJ1666H

A Major Program for students interested in Human Geography as an academic discipline. This Program equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand contemporary social science thought in the context of the communities, societies, and economies formed by human populations, and the ways in which location, landscape, and spatial context shape (and are shaped by) social structures, functioning, and behaviour.
Guidelines for 1st year course selection Students intending to complete the Major Program in Human Geography are required to take two of GGRA02H3, GGRA03H3 or GGRA35H3. Enrollment in GGRA35H3 is limited and restricted to first year students. Students are also encouraged to take GGRA30H3 in their first year as a methods course.
Guidelines for Major Program completion: Courses in the Major Program in Human Geography are divided into three main subdisciplinary areas of focus: Urban Geography, Social/Cultural Geography and Environmental Geography. Major students are encouraged to focus on two areas of focus after second year.

Program Requirements
The Major Program in Human Geography requires a total of 7.0 full credits as follows:

1. Foundations of Human Geography (1.0 credit from the following):
GGRA02H3 The Geography of Global Processes
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments
GGRA35H3 The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

2. Theory and Concepts in Human Geography (2.0 credits):
GGRB02H3 The Logic of Geographical Thought
and
1.5 credits from the following:
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography
GGRB18H3/​ESTB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

3. Methods (1.0 credit from the following):
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
GGRB03H3 Writing Geography
GGRB30H3 Fundamentals of GIS I
GGRB32H3 Fundamentals of GIS II
GGRC31H3 Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography
STAB23H3 Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences

4. Applications (2.5 credits):
2.5 credits at the C- and/or D-level in GGR courses

5. Advanced Applications (0.5 credit):
0.5 credit at the D-level in GGR courses

MAJOR PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMAJ1666P

This is an interdepartmental program leading to a B.A. degree in which students combine courses in human geography (GGR prefix) with courses in physical geography (EES prefix).

Guidelines for firs year course selection
EES courses presume a background in physical sciences and mathematics. It is recommended that first year students take EESA01H3, EESA06H3, GGRA02H3 and GGRA03H3 and at least 1.0 credit from among [BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3], [CHMA10H3 and CHMA11H3], [PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3], [MATA30H3 and MATA35H3/​A36H3/A37H3].

Program Requirements
The Major Program in Physical and Human Geography requires the completion of a total of 8.0 credits of which 4.0 credits are to be EES courses, and 4.0 credits are to be GGR or CIT courses. Among these 8.0 credits, the student must include:

1. 2.0 credits as follows:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
GGRA02H3 The Geography of Global Processes
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments

2. 1.5 credits from the following:
EESB02H3 Principles of Geomorphology
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
EESB15H3 Earth History

3. At least 1.5 credits from the following:
CITB01H3 Canadian Cities and Planning
GGRB02H3 The Logic of Geographical Thought
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography
GGRB18H3/​ESTB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

4. At least 1.0 credit at the C- or D-level from EES courses

5. At least 1.0 credit at the C- or D-level from GGR or CIT courses

6. At least one additional 0.5 credit from GGR or CIT courses

7. At least one additional 0.5 credit from EES courses

MINOR PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE (GIS) (ARTS) - SCMIN1800

GIS is based on the integration of digital spatial data, mapping software, and spatial analysis tools. GIS has been a core method in Geographical research for almost two decades, but is also rapidly growing in importance outside Geography, in part because of the huge amounts of new spatial data being generated by ubiquitous sensors such as smartphones with GPS locators.

A growing number of research areas and careers require knowledge of GIS and cartographic presentation skills. This minor program provides training in the theory and practical application of Geographic Information Science and systems for spatial analysis, spatial data management, and cartographic representation, and is an excellent option for students pursuing Human Geography, City Studies, Critical Development Studies, Historical and Cultural Studies, Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology, Environmental Studies and Environmental Science.

Program Requirements
This program requires students to complete 4.0 credits as follows:

1. At least 0.5 credit from the following:
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing

2. 2.5 credits as follows:
GGRB30H3 Fundamentals of GIS I
GGRB32H3 Fundamentals of GIS II
GGRC30H3 Advanced GIS
GGRC32H3 Essential Spatial Analysis
GGRD30H3 GIS Research Project

3. 1.0 credit from the following:
CSCA20H3 Introduction to Programming
CITC18H3 Transportation Policy Analysis*
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (if not used to complete component 1 of the requirements)
GGRC12H3 Transportation Geography
GGRC15H3 Spatial Databases and Applications
GGRC27H3 Location and Spatial Development
GGRC34H3 Crowd-sourced Urban Geographies
GGRC42H3 Making Sense of Data: Applied Multivariate Analysis
CITD01H3 City Issues and Strategies*
GGRD01H3 Supervised Research Project*
GGRD08H3 Research Seminar in Environmental Geography*
GGRD25H3 Research Seminar in Urban Spaces*
GGRD31H3 Independent Research Project*
*Note: Permission to count these courses towards the Minor in Geographic Information Science (GIS) must be received from the Departmental Chair or the Program Advisor, and will be granted in cases where the student’s major research project employs GIS research methods.

MINOR PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMIN1666H

The minor program is designed to give students a general introduction to Human Geography. Students are encouraged to select their B-, C-, and D -evel courses from one of the three areas of focus: Environmental, Urban or Social/Cultural Geography.

Program Requirements
This program requires the completion of 4.0 credits in Geography including:

1. 1.0 credit as follows:
GGRA02H3 The Geography of Global Processes
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments

2. 3.0 credits in GGR courses, of which at least 1.0 credit must be at the C- or D-level

 

Geography Courses

GGRA02H3 - The Geography of Global Processes

Globalization from the perspective of human geography. The course examines how the economic, social, political, and environmental changes that flow from the increasingly global scale of human activities affect spatial patterns and relationships, the character of regions and places, and the quality of life of those who live in them.

Exclusion: GGR107H, (GGR107Y), GGR117Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRA03H3 - Cities and Environments

An introduction to the characteristics of modern cities and environmental issues, and their interconnections. Linkages between local and global processes are emphasized. Major topics include urban forms and systems, population change, the complexity of environmental issues such as climate change and water scarcity, planning for sustainable cities.

Exclusion: GGR107H, (GGR107Y), GGR117Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRA30H3 - Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning

Students learn fundamental concepts concerning the structure and effective uses of geographical data and practical skills that will help them to find and apply geographical data appropriately in their studies. Hands-on exercises using a variety of software allow students to gain experience in finding, processing, documenting, and visualizing geographic data. Lecture topics introduce students to the opportunities and challenges of using geographical data as empirical evidence across a range of social science topics.

Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRA35H3 - The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

Scarborough is a place of rapidly changing social geographies, and now contains one of the world’s most extraordinary mixes of people. What do these changes mean, how can we understand and interpret them? This course introduces Human Geography as the study of people, place, and community through field trips, interviews, and guest lectures.

Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Restricted to first year undergraduate students.

GGRB02H3 - The Logic of Geographical Thought

Many of today's key debates - for instance, on globalization, the environment, and cities - draw heavily from geographical thinking and what some have called the "spatial turn" in the social sciences. This course introduces the most important methodological and theoretical aspects of contemporary geographical and spatial thought, and serves as a foundation for other upper level courses in Geography.

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB03H3 - Writing Geography

This course aims to develop critical reading and writing skills of human geography students. Through a variety of analytical, reflexive, and descriptive writing assignments, students will practice how to draft, revise, and edit their writing on spatial concepts. Students will learn how to conduct research for literature reviews, organize materials, and produce scholarly papers. They will also learn to cultivate their writing voice by engaging in a range of writing styles and forms such as blog posts, critical commentaries, travelogues, field notes, and research briefs. The course emphasizes writing clearly, succinctly, and logically.

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Arts, Literature and Language
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Major program in Human Geography. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

GGRB05H3 - Urban Geography

This course will develop understanding of the geographic nature of urban systems and the internal spatial patterns and activities in cities. Emphasis is placed on the North American experience with some examples from other regions of the world. The course will explore the major issues and problems facing contemporary urban society and the ways they are analysed.
Area of Focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Exclusion: GGR124H, (GGR124Y)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB13H3 - Social Geography

The reciprocal relations between spatial structures and social identities. The course examines the role of social divisions such as class, 'race'/ethnicity, gender and sexuality in shaping the social geographies of cities and regions. Particular emphasis is placed on space as an arena for the construction of social relations and divisions.
Area of Focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB18H3 - Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations

Introduces students to the geography of Indigenous-Crown-Land relations in Canada. Beginning with pre-European contact and the historic Nation-to-Nation relationship, the course will survey major research inquiries from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples to Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Students will learn how ongoing land and treaty violations impact Indigenous peoples, settler society, and the land in Canada.

Area of Focus: Environmental Geography
Same as ESTB02H3

Prerequisite: 4.0 credits, including at least 0.5 credit in ANT, CIT, EST, GGR, HLT, IDS, POL or SOC
Exclusion: ESTB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB21H3 - Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

This foundational course explores different conceptions of 'the environment' as they have changed through space and time. It also analyzes the emergence of different variants of environmentalism and their contemporary role in shaping environmental policy and practice.
Area of Focus: Environmental Geography

Exclusion: GGR222H, GGR223H, GGRC22H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB28H3 - Geographies of Disease

Examines the geographical distribution of disease and the spatial processes in which diseases are embedded. Themes include spatial theories of health and disease and uneven development and health. Special attention will be given to the geographical dimension of the HIV pandemic.
Area of Focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB30H3 - Fundamentals of GIS I

This course provides a practical introduction to digital mapping and spatial analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The course is designed to provide hands-on experience using GIS to analyse spatial data, and create maps that effectively communicate data meanings. Students are instructed in GIS methods and approaches that are relevant not only to Geography but also to many other disciplines. In the lectures, we discuss mapping and analysis concepts and how you can apply them using GIS software. In the practice exercises and assignments, you then learn how to do your own data analysis and mapping, gaining hands-on experience with ArcGIS software, the most widely used GIS software.

Exclusion: GGR272H, GGR278H
Recommended Preparation: GGRA30H3
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRB32H3 - Fundamentals of GIS II

This course builds on GGRB30 Fundamentals of GIS, continuing the examination of theoretical and analytical components of GIS and spatial analysis, and their application through lab assignments. The course covers digitizing, topology, vector data models, remote sensing and raster data models and analysis, geoprocessing, map design and cartography, data acquisition, metadata, and data management, and web mapping.

Prerequisite: GGRB30H3
Exclusion: GGR273H1
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRB55H3 - Cultural Geography

The course introduces core concepts in cultural geography such as race and ethnicity, identity and difference, public and private, landscape and environment, faith and community, language and tradition, and mobilities and social change. Emphasis will be on cross-disciplinary, critical engagement with current events, pop culture, and visual texts including comics, photos, and maps.
Area of Focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC01H3 - Supervised Readings in Human Geography

An independent supervised reading course open only to students in the Major Program in Human Geography. An independent literature review research project will be carried out under the supervision of an individual faculty member.

Prerequisite: 10 full credits including completion of the following requirements for the Major Program in Human Geography: 1) Introduction, 2) Theory and Concepts, 3) Methods; and a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.

GGRC02H3 - Population Geography

An examination of the geographical dimension to human population through the social dynamics of fertility, mortality and migration. Themes include disease epidemics, international migration, reproductive technologies, and changing family structure.
Area of focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR323H, GGR208H
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC09H3 - Current Topics in Social Geography

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in social geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC10H3 - Urbanization and Development

Examines global urbanization processes and the associated transformation of governance, social, economic, and environmental structures particularly in the global south. Themes include theories of development, migration, transnational flows, socio-spatial polarization, postcolonial geographies of urbanization.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC11H3 - Current Topics in Urban Geography

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in urban geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC12H3 - Transportation Geography

Transportation systems play a fundamental role in shaping social, economic and environmental outcomes in a region. This course explores geographical perspectives on the development and functioning of transportation systems, interactions between transportation and land use, and costs and benefits associated with transportation systems including: mobility, accessibility, congestion, pollution, and livability.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits including GGRA30H3 and [GGRB05H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]
Exclusion: GGR370H, GGR424H
Recommended Preparation: GGRB30H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC13H3 - Urban Political Geography

Geographical approach to the politics of contemporary cities with emphasis on theories and structures of urban political processes and practices. Includes nature of local government, political powers of the property industry, big business and community organizations and how these shape the geography of cities.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or PPGB66H3/(PPGC66H3)/(POLC66H3)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC15H3 - Spatial Databases and Applications

Given the importance of the management of data within geographic information modelling, this course provides students with the opportunity to develop skills for creating, administering and applying spatial databases. Overview of relational database management systems, focusing on spatial data, relationships and operations and practice creating and using spatial databases. Structured Query Language (SQL) and extensions to model spatial data and spatial relationships. Topics are introduced through a selection of spatial data applications to contextualize, explain, and practice applying spatial databases to achieve application objectives: creating data from scanned maps; proximity and spatial relations; vehicle routing; elementary web services for spatial data. Students will complete a term project applying spatial data to study or model a topic of their choosing.

Prerequisite: GGRB32H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC21H3 - Current Topics in Environmental Geography

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in environmental geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: Environmental Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC24H3 - Socio-Natures and the Cultural Politics of 'The Environment'

Explores the processes through which segments of societies come to understand their natural surroundings, the social relations that produce those understandings, popular representations of nature, and how 'the environment' serves as a consistent basis of social struggle and contestation.
Areas of focus: Environmental Geography; Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC25H3 - Land Reform and Development

Land reform, which entails the redistribution of private and public lands, is broadly associated with struggles for social justice. It embraces issues concerning how land is transferred (through forceful dispossession, law, or markets), and how it is currently held. Land inequalities exist all over the world, but they are more pronounced in the developing world, especially in countries that were affected by colonialism. Land issues, including land reform, affect most development issues.
Area of focus: Environmental Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or AFSB01H3 or IDSB02H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC26H3 - Geographies of Environmental Governance

This course addresses the translation of environmentalisms into formalized processes of environmental governance; and examines the development of environmental institutions at different scales, the integration of different forms of environmental governance, and the ways in which processes of governance relate to forms of environmental practice and management.
Area of focus: Environmental Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC27H3 - Location and Spatial Development

Location of a firm; market formation and areas; agricultural location; urban spatial equilibrium; trade and spatial equilibrium; locational competition; equilibrium for an industry; trade and location.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: MGEA01H3 and [[GGRB02H3 and GGRB05H3] or [CITB01H3 and CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]] or [[MGEB01H3 or MGEB02H3] and [MGEB05H3 or MGEB06H3]]
Exclusion: (GGRB27H3) GGR220Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC28H3 - Indigenous Peoples, Environment and Justice

Engages Indigenous perspectives on the environment and environmental issues. Students will think with Indigenous concepts, practices, and theoretical frameworks to consider human-environment relations. Pressing challenges and opportunities with respect to Indigenous environmental knowledge, governance, law, and justice will be explored. With a focus primarily on Canada, the course will include case studies from the US, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB18H3/ESTB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC30H3 - Advanced GIS

This course covers advanced theoretical and practical issues of using GIS systems for research and spatial analysis. Students will learn how to develop and manage GIS research projects, create and analyze three-dimensional surfaces, build geospatial models, visualize geospatial data, and perform advanced spatial analysis. Lectures introduce concepts and labs implement them.

Prerequisite: GGRB32H3
Exclusion: GGR373H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC31H3 - Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography

Explores the practice of ethnography (i.e. participant observation) within and outside the discipline of geography, and situates this within current debates on methods and theory. Topics include: the history of ethnography, ethnography within geography, current debates within ethnography, the "field," and ethnography and "development."

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: History, Philosophy and Cultural Studies

GGRC32H3 - Essential Spatial Analysis

This course builds on introductory statistics and GIS courses by introducing students to the core concepts and methods of spatial analysis. With an emphasis on spatial thinking in an urban context, topics such as distance decay, distance metrics, spatial interaction, spatial distributions, and spatial autocorrelation will be used to quantify spatial patterns and identify spatial processes. These tools are the essential building blocks for the quantitative analysis of urban spatial data.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits including [STAB23H3 and GGRB30H3]
Exclusion: GGR276H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC33H3 - The Toronto Region

This course examines issues of urban form and structure, urban growth and planning in the Toronto region. Current trends in population, housing, economy, environment, governance, transport, urban design and planning practices at the local level and the regional scale will be examined critically.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC34H3 - Crowd-sourced Urban Geographies

Significant recent transformations of geographic knowledge are being generated by the ubiquitous use of smartphones and other distributed sensors, while web-based platforms such as Open Street Map and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) have made crowd-sourcing of geographical data relatively easy. This course will introduce students to these new geographical spaces, approaches to creating them, and the implications for local democracy and issues of privacy they pose.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: GGRB05H3 or GGRB30H3
Recommended Preparation: GGRB32H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

GGRC40H3 - Megacities and Global Urbanization

The last 50 years have seen dramatic growth in the global share of population living in megacities over 10 million population, with most growth in the global south. Such giant cities present distinctive infrastructure, health, water supply, and governance challenges, which are increasingly central to global urban policy and health.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: (CITC40H3)
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC41H3 - Current Topics in Human Geography

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in human geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB20H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC42H3 - Making Sense of Data: Applied Multivariate Analysis

This course introduces students to the main methods of multivariate analysis in the social sciences, with an emphasis on applications incorporating spatial thinking and geographic data. Students will learn how to evaluate data quality, construct analysis datasets, and perform and interpret multivariate analyses using the R statistical programming language.

Prerequisite: STAB22H3 or equivalent
Exclusion: GGRC41H3 (if taken in the 2019 Fall session)
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC43H3 - Social Geographies of Street Food

This course uses street food to comparatively assess the production of ‘the street’, the legitimation of bodies and substances on the street, and contests over the boundaries of, and appropriate use of public and private space. It also considers questions of labour and the culinary infrastructure of contemporary cities around the world.

Area of Focus: Social/Cultural Geography
Same as FSTC43H3

Prerequisite: FSTA01H3 or GGRA02H3 or GGRA03H3
Exclusion: FSTC43H3, GGRC41H3 (if taken in the 2019 Winter and 2020 Winter sessions)
Breadth Requirements: History, Philosophy and Cultural Studies

GGRC44H3 - Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development

Deals with two main topics: the origins of environmental problems in the global spread of industrial capitalism, and environmental conservation and policies. Themes include: changes in human-environment relations, trends in environmental problems, the rise of environmental awareness and activism, environmental policy, problems of sustainable development.
Area of focus: Environmental Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR233Y, (GGRB20H3)
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or IDSB02H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

GGRC48H3 - Geographies of Urban Poverty

How have social and economic conditions deteriorated for many urban citizens? Is the geographic gap widening between the rich and the poor? This course will explore the following themes: racialization of poverty, employment and poverty, poverty and gender socio-spatial polarization, and housing and homelessness.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC50H3 - Geographies of Education

Explores the social geography of education, especially in cities. Topics include geographical educational inequalities; education, class and race; education, the family, and intergenerational class immobility; the movement of children to attend schools; education and the ‘right to the city.’
Areas of focus: Urban or Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB05H3 or GGRB13H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRC54H3 - Human Geography Field Trip

Provides an opportunity to engage in a field trip and field research work on a common research topic. The focus will be on: preparation of case study questions; methods of data collection including interviews, archives, and observation; snowballing contacts; and critical case-study analysis in a final report.

Prerequisite: GGRB02H3 and 1.0 additional credit at the B-level in GGR
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

GGRD01H3 - Supervised Research Project

An independent studies course open only to students in the Major Program in Human Geography. An independent studies project will be carried out under the supervision of an individual faculty member.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB02H3

GGRD08H3 - Research Seminar in Environmental Geography

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this seminar is devoted to analysis and discussion of advanced theoretical and methodological issues in Environmental Geography. Specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.
Area of focus: Environmental Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

GGRD09H3 - Feminist Geographies

How do gender relations shape different spaces? We will explore how feminist geographers have approached these questions from a variety of scales - from the home, to the body, to the classroom, to the city, to the nation, drawing on the work of feminist geographers.
Area of focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD10H3 - Health and Sexuality

Examines links between health and human sexuality. Particularly explores sexually transmitted infections. Attention will be given to the socially and therefore spatially constructed nature of sexuality. Other themes include sexual violence, masculinities and health, reproductive health, and transnational relationships and health. Examples will be taken from a variety of countries.
Area of focus: Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB13H3 or IDSB04H3 or WSTB05H3]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD11H3 - Advanced Geographical Theory and Methods

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this reading-intensive seminar course develops analytical and methodological skills in socio-spatial analysis. We explore major theoretical/methodological traditions in geography including positivism, humanism, Marxism, and feminism, and major analytical categories such as place, scale, and networks. Particularly recommended for students intending to apply to graduate school.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD12H3 - Seminar in Selected Topics in Human Geography

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this seminar is devoted to analysis and discussion of current theoretical and methodological issues in human geography. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB02H3

GGRD13H3 - Space, Place, People: Practice of Ethnographic Inquiry

This course focuses on the practice of ethnography in geographic research and allows students to design and conduct their own ethnographic research projects. Utilizing various approaches in geographic scholarship, in the first part of the course students will learn about ethnographic research methods and methodologies and finalize their research proposals. In the second part, they will carry out their research under the supervision of the course director and with support from their peers. Course assignments will assist each student throughout their research design, ethics approval, ethnography, and writing a final paper. Course meetings will be conducted in a seminar format.

Prerequisite: Any 13.0 credits, including GGRC31H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD14H3 - Social Justice and the City

Examines links between politics of difference, social justice and cities. Covers theories of social justice and difference with a particular emphasis placed on understanding how contemporary capitalism exacerbates urban inequalities and how urban struggles such as Occupy Wall Street seek to address discontents of urban dispossession. Examples of urban social struggles will be drawn from global North and South.
Areas of focus: Urban or Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or GGRB13H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or IDSB06H3]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD15H3 - Queer Geographies

How do sex and gender norms take and shape place? To examine this question, we will explore selected queer and trans scholarship, with a particular emphasis on queer scholars of colour and queer postcolonial literatures. Course topics include LGBTQ2S lives and movements, cities and sexualities, cross-border migration flows, reproductive justice, and policing and incarceration.

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB13H3 or WSTB25H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD16H3 - Work and Livelihoods in the GTA

As major engines of the global economy, cities are also concentrated sites of work and employment. Popular and political understandings about what constitutes "fair" and "decent" work, meanwhile, are currently facing profound challenges. From the rise of platformed gig work to the rising cost of living in many cities – this course introduces students to approaches within Geography that help to conceptualize what "work" is, and to major forces shaping the laboured landscapes of cities, with a focus on the Greater Toronto Area. In this course students will get the opportunity to explore the varied forms of production and reproduction that make the GTA function and thrive, and to develop a vocabulary and critical lens to identify the geographies of different kinds of work and employment relations. Students will also have the chance to develop labour market research skills, and to critically examine the forms of work they themselves undertake every day.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]
Exclusion: SOCB54H3 and GGRD25H3 (if taken in Winter 2022)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD25H3 - Research Seminar in Urban Spaces

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this seminar is devoted to analysis and discussion of current theoretical and methodological issues in urban geography. Specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to Geography Majors with the highest CGPA.

GGRD30H3 - GIS Research Project

Students will design, manage and complete a research project using GIS. Students will work in teams of 4-6 to pose a research question, acquire a dataset, and organize and analyze the data to answer their question. The course will teach research design, project management, data analysis, team work, and presentation of final results.

Prerequisite: GGRC30H3
Exclusion: GGR462H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD31H3 - Independent Research Project

Independent research extension to one of the courses already completed in Human Geography. Enrolment requires written permission from a faculty supervisor and Associate Chair, Human Geography. Only open to students who have completed 13.0 credits and who are enrolled in the Human Geography Major, Human and Physical Geography Major programs, or Minor Program in GIS sponsored by the Department of Human Geography.

Prerequisite: Any 13.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD49H3 - Land and Land Conflicts in the Americas

This course explores various ways of making claims to possess or use land by first unsettling commonsense ideas about ownership and then tracing these through examples of classed, gendered and racialized property regimes. Through this exploration, the course shows that claims to land are historically and geographically specific, and structured by colonialism, and capitalism. Informed by a feminist interpretation of “conflict,” we look at microprocesses that scale up to largescale transformations in how land is lived. We end by engaging with Black and Indigenous epistemologies regarding how land might be differently cared for and occupied. 
Areas of focus: Environmental or Social/Cultural Geography

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including at least 0.5 credit at the B-level from (AFS, ANT, CIT, GGR, HLT, IDS, POL, PPG, or SOC)
Exclusion: (GGRC49H3)
Recommended Preparation: GGRB13H3 or GGRB21H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

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