Geography

Faculty List
  • H. Arik, B.A. (Bogazici University), M.A. (Central European University), Ph.D. (York), Assistant Professor
  • G. Brauen, B.Sc (New Brunswick), M.C.S, Ph.D. (Carleton), Associate Professor, Teaching Stream
  • M. Buckley, B.Sc., M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Oxford), Associate Professor
  • M. F. Bunce, B.A. (Sheffield), Ph.D. (Sheffield), Associate Professor Emeritus
  • S.C. Bunce, B.A. (Guelph), M.E.S. Pl. (York), Ph.D. (York), Associate Professor
  • M. Ekers, B.Sc., (Lakehead), M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Oxford), Associate Professor
  • S. Farber, B.A. (McGill), M.S.A (Ryerson), Ph.D. (McMaster), Associate Professor
  • M. Hunter, B.A. (Sussex), M.A. (Univ. of Natal), Ph.D. (Univ. California Berkeley), Professor
  • R. Goffe, B.Arch. (Temple University), Ph.D. (City University of New York), Assistant Professor
  • C. Higgins, B.A. (Brock), M.A. (McMaster), Ph.D. (McMaster), Associate Professor
  • T. Kepe, B.Agric. (Fort Hare), M.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Western Cape), Professor
  • N. Latulippe, B.A. (Nipissing), M.A. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Toronto), Associate Professor
  • K. MacDonald, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. (Waterloo), Associate Professor
  • J. R. Miron, B.A. (Queen's), M.A. (Penn.), M.Sc. (pl.), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor Emeritus
  • S. Mollett, B.A., M.E.S. (York), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor
  • S. Montero, B.A. (Granada), M.A., Ph.D. (UC Berkeley), Associate Professor
  • A. Mountz, B.A. (Dartmouth), M.A. (Hunter), Ph.D (University of British Columbia), Professor
  • R. Narayanareddy, MESc. (Yale University), Ph.D. (University of Minnesota), Associate Professor
  • N. Oswin, B.A. (Toronto), M.A. (Dalhousie), Ph.D. (University of British Columbia), Associate Professor
  • E.C. Relph, B.A., M.Phil. (London), Ph.D. (Toronto), Professor Emeritus
  • A. Sorensen, B.F.A. (Nova Scotia College of Art and Design), M.Sc., Ph.D. (London), Professor
  • I. Szeman, B.A. (Queens), M.A. (Western), Ph.D. (Duke), Professor

Chair: M. Buckley
For curriculum inquiries please contact the Geography Program Advisor.
For more information, visit the Department of Human Geography website.

Geography is a broad-ranging subject. As a social science, it is concerned with the spatial patterns of human activity and the character of regions and places. It is a subject that is well placed to explore the complex relationships between society and the natural environment as well as the social and economic problems of human land use and settlement. It, therefore, complements other programs such as: City Studies, Environmental Science, Political Science, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics for Management Studies and International Development Studies. Geography courses are also listed as options in several UTSC programs including City Studies, Economics, Environmental Studies, Health Studies, International Development Studies, Public Policy and Women's and Gender Studies.

Combined Degree Programs, Honours Bachelor of Arts/ Master of Teaching

The Combined Degree Programs for UTSC Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc)/ Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA) with the Master of Teaching (MT) offered by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education provide students with a direct pathway to the completion, in 6 years, of their Undergraduate degree, Ontario Teacher’s Certificate of Qualifications, and Master’s degree.​ These Combined Degree Programs allow students to complete 1.0 credit in courses that may be counted towards both degrees.

The Combined Degree Programs options are:

  • Combined Degree Program: UTSC, Honours Bachelor of Arts, Specialist in Human Geography/ Master of Teaching
  • Combined Degree Program: UTSC, Honours Bachelor of Arts, Major in Human Geography/ Master of Teaching

For more information, including Admission and Program requirements, see the Combined Degree Programs section of the Calendar.​

Program Combination Restrictions

The Specialist, Major and Minor programs in Human Geography cannot be combined.
 

Human Geography Areas of Concentration:

Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Environments, whether at a planetary or everyday level, are changing in dramatic ways, and quickly, and demand critical thinking and problem solving. This area of concentration explores some of the most pressing issues related to the environment, nature and society and:  

  • Challenges students to think critically about what drives environmental change;  
  • Envisions how to foster more sustainable and ecologically abundant futures;  
  • Unpacks what is “nature", what is “land” and how people relate to both;  
  • Investigates how matters of “race”, class, gender, sexuality, and more, shape experiences of environmental change and the pursuit of environmental justice.   

In the broadest sense, this area of concentration explores how politics, the economy, history, culture and social difference give meaning to, shape, and are shaped by, interactions with the environment. Research and teaching in environmental geography seek to move beyond the roles of government and interest groups in shaping environmental policies, to expand our understanding of politics in environmental discourses and knowledge, economic systems, natural resource extraction and use, and everyday struggles within and between communities, government and businesses as they shape human-nature relationships.  

Students in the Nature, Society and Environmental Change concentration will take courses that include:  

  • GGRA02H3: Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds    
  • GGRA03H3: Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes 
  • GGRB21H3: Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change  
  • GGRB18H3: Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations  
  • GGRC21H3: Current Topics in Nature, Society and Environment Change    
  • GGRC24H3: Socio-Natures and the Cultural Politics of 'The Environment'  
  • GGRC25H3: Land Reform and Development  
  • GGRC26H3: Geographies of Environmental Governance  
  • GGRC28H3: Centering Indigenous Ecology and Justice     
  • GGRC44H3: Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development  
  • GGRD08H3: Local Geographies of the Urban Environment
  • GGRD49H3: Land & Land Conflicts in the Americas   
People, Place and Power

In a world of abundant resources, why do so many people and places lack what they need to survive and thrive? At present, our global community faces seemingly insurmountable crises. For example, mass incarceration, rising rates of homelessness, concentration of wealth, climate catastrophe, and resurgent fascism and authoritarianism. The benefits and costs of these crises are borne out unequally along the lines of race, class, gender, nationality, ability, sexuality, and other categories of social difference. For our bodies are microcosms of global and historical processes like colonialism and settler colonialism, heteropatriarchy, and racial capitalism.   

Thinking spatially gives us tools we need to understand the roots of the multiple crises we face. It opens up analytical and political possibilities for understanding foundational violences and their enduring legacies across scales. In this concentration, students learn to denaturalize place-based hierarchies and modes of dispossession through engagement with anti-racist, Black, Indigenous, materialist, feminist, and queer and trans geographical scholarship. We explore together how our mutual survival involves being actively entangled with others and working collectively to refuse the inequitable status quo and create livable lives.  

Students in the People, Place and Power concentration will take courses that include: 

  • GGRA02H3: Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds   
  • GGRB02H3: Geographic Thought: Critical Perspectives on Key Concepts in Human Geography    
  • GGRB03H3: Writing Worlds  
  • GGRB13H3: Social Geography: Life and Death, Place and Power  
  • GGRB18H3: Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations  
  • GGRB28H3: Geographies of Disease: Beyond Epidemiology  
  • GGRB55H3: Cultural Geography  
  • GGRC02H3: Population Geography
  • GGRC09H3: Current Topics in People, Place and Power  
  • GGRC13H3: Urban Political Geography  
  • GGRC24H3: Socio-Natures and the Cultural Politics of 'The Environment'  
  • GGRC28H3: Centering Indigenous Ecology and Justice
  • GGRC31H3: Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography
  • GGRC48H3: Geographies of Urban Poverty
  • GGRC50H3: Geographies of Education
  • GGRD09H3: Feminist Geographies  
  • GGRD10H3: Health and Sexuality  
  • GGRD15H3: Queer Geographies  
  • GGRD49H3: Land and Land Conflicts in the Americas   
Urban Sustainability

We live in an urban world. Today more than half of the world’s population are urban dwellers. By 2050 it is projected that the world’s urban population will be nearly 70 percent. Cities already account for 80 percent of the world’s GDP, dominate economic, social, and cultural life and have consequential impacts on climate change and sustainability. Urban geography, a subfield of human geography, is well positioned to make sense of the urban transformations of the 21st century and envision sustainability through the challenge of building ecologically sustainable, economically equitable and socially just cities. Students in the Urban Sustainability area of concentration will: 

  • Explore the world of cities from a global perspective and learn new and exciting ways of thinking about the city and urban life,
  • Gain expertise in the urban dimensions of many of today’s most pressing questions relating to environmental sustainability, socioeconomic vulnerability, resilience and resistance,  
  • Examine topics including climate change and the city; housing systems and housing access, gender rights and urban life; global urbanization processes, fair and sustainable employment; urban transportation and mobility; possession and dispossession.

Students enrolled in the Urban Sustainability concentration will take courses that include:  

  • GGRA03H3: Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes 
  • GGRB05H3: Urban Geography  
  • GGRC10H3: Urbanization and Development  
  • GGRC11H3: Current Topics in Urban Sustainability
  • GGRC12H3: Transportation Geography  
  • GGRC27H3: Location and Spatial Development  
  • GGRC33H3: The Toronto Region  
  • GGRC40H3: Megacities and Global Urbanization  
  • GGRC48H3: Geographies of Urban Poverty  
  • GGRD08H3: Local Geographies of the Urban Environment
  • GGRD09H3: Feminist Geographies  
  • GGRD14H3: Social Justice and the City  
  • GGRD16H3: Work and Livelihoods in the GTA  
  • GGRD25H3: Research Seminar in Urban Spaces 


Experiential Learning and Outreach

For a community-based experiential learning opportunity in your academic field of interest, consider the course CTLB03H3, which can be found in the Teaching and Learning section of the Calendar.

Geography Programs

COMBINED DEGREE PROGRAMS, HONOURS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE OR HONOURS BACHELOR OF ARTS/MASTER OF TEACHING

The Combined Degree Programs for UTSC Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc)/Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA) with the Master of Teaching (MT) offered by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education are designed for students who are interested in a career in Education. They allow exceptional students who are registered in one of the 50 identified Specialist and Major programs to gain early admission to the MT, which is a full-time professional program that leads to both a Master's degree and eligibility to become a certified teacher in Ontario. Students who successfully complete one of the Combined Degree Programs listed below will earn two University of Toronto degrees (HBA/HBSc and MT) and be recommended to the Ontario College of Teachers for a Certificate of Qualifications as elementary or secondary school teachers. To learn more about the MT Combined Degree Programs at UTSC, visit the MT CDP website.

Contact Information:
Combined Degree Programs Coordinator
Email: cdp.utsc@utoronto.ca 

The Combined Degree Programs options are:

Department of Anthropology

  • Evolutionary Anthropology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Evolutionary Anthropology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Arts, Culture and Media

  • Music (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • Theatre and Performance (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Biological Sciences

  • Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Conservation and Biodiversity (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Conservation and Biodiversity (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Human Biology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Human Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Integrative Biology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Molecular Biology, Immunology and Disease (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Plant Biology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching

Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

  • Mathematics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Mathematics (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching

Department of English

  • English (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • English (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • English (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • English (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Language Studies

  • French (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • French (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • French (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • French (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Historical and Cultural Studies

  • History (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • History (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Human Geography

  • Human Geography (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • Human Geography (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences

  • Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Biochemistry (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Biochemistry (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Chemistry (Major Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Global Environmental Change (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Global Environmental Change (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Chemistry (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Chemistry (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Physics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Environmental Physics (Specialist Co-op), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Physics and Astrophysics (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Physics and Astrophysics (Major), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching
  • Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science/Master of Teaching

Department of Sociology

  • Sociology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching
  • Sociology (Major), Honours Bachelor of Arts/Master of Teaching

Applicants must select one of the following teaching divisions:

  • Primary/Junior (Junior Kindergarten to Grade 6)
  • Junior/Intermediate (Grades 4 to 10)
  • Intermediate/Senior (Grades 7 to 12) 

Students applying to the Intermediate/Senior (I/S) teaching division of the MT must have two teaching subjects, and must have completed at least 6.0 credits in their first teaching subject and at least 3.0 credits in their second teaching subject (note: both French as a Second Language and Science require at least 6.0 credits in university courses even when they are a second teaching subject).

Students applying to the Junior/Intermediate (J/I) teaching division of the MT must have completed at least 3.0 credits for one teaching subject (note: French as a Second Language requires at least 5.0 credits in university courses).  Please note that not all teaching subjects for I/S are available for J/I.  

For applicants applying to the Primary/Junior (P/J) division, there are no additional admission requirements. 

Each of the programs listed below includes a minimum of 6.0 credits in courses that can be applied towards the completion of the prerequisites for the identified OISE teaching subject(s).

UTSC Programs Fit with OISE MT Teaching Subjects for the Intermediate/Senior (I/S) Division:

UTSC ProgramMT Teaching Subjects
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)Science - Chemistry, or
Science - Biology, or
Science – General
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)Science - Biology, or
Science - General
- Biochemistry (Major/Major Co-op)
- Biology (Major)
- Conservation and Biodiversity (Specialist)
- Conservation and Biodiversity (Major)
- Human Biology (Specialist)
- Human Biology (Major)
- Integrative Biology (Specialist)
- Molecular Biology, Immunology and Disease (Major)
- Plant Biology (Major)
- Global Environmental Change (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
Science - Biology
- Chemistry (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
- Major/Major Co-op in Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
Science - Chemistry
- Environmental Physics (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
- Physics and Astrophysics (Specialist)
- Physics and Astrophysics (Major)
- Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Specialist)
Science - Physics
- Mathematics (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
- Mathematics (Major/Major Co-op)
Mathematics
- Evolutionary Anthropology (Specialist)
- Evolutionary Anthropology (Major)
- Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Specialist)
- Socio-Cultural Anthropology (Major)
- Sociology (Specialist)
- Sociology (Major)
Social Science - General
- Music (Major)Music - Instrumental, or 
Music - Vocal
- Theatre and Performance (Major)Dramatic Arts
- English (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
- English (Major/Major Co-op)
English
- French (Specialist/Specialist Co-op)
- French (Major/Major Co-op)
French (Second Language)
- History (Specialist)
- History (Major)
History
- Specialist in Human Geography (Specialist)
- Human Geography (Major)
Geography

UTSC Programs Fit with OISE MT Teaching Subjects for the Junior/Intermediate (J/I) Division:

UTSC ProgramMT Teaching Subjects
- Biology (Major)
- Conservation and Biodiversity (Specialist)
- Conservation and Biodiversity (Major)
- Human Biology (Specialist)
- Human Biology (Major)
- Integrative Biology (Specialist)
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist), Honours Bachelor of Science
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Specialist Co-op)
- Molecular Biology, Immunology and Disease (Major)
- Plant Biology (Major)
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist)
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry (Specialist Co-op)
- Biochemistry (Major)
- Biochemistry (Major Co-op)
- Chemistry (Specialist)
- Chemistry (Specialist Co-op)
- Chemistry (Major)
- Chemistry (Major Co-op)
- Global Environmental Change (Specialist)
- Global Environmental Change (Specialist Co-op)
- Environmental Chemistry (Specialist)
- Environmental Chemistry (Specialist Co-op)
- Environmental Physics (Specialist)
- Environmental Physics (Specialist Co-op)
- Physics and Astrophysics (Specialist)
- Physics and Astrophysics (Major)
- Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Specialist)
Science - General
- Mathematics (Specialist)
- Mathematics (Specialist Co-op)
- Mathematics (Major)
- Mathematics (Major Co-op)
Mathematics
- English (Specialist)
- English (Specialist Co-op)
- English (Major)
- English (Major Co-op)
English
- French (Specialist)
- French (Specialist Co-op)
- French (Major)
- French (Major Co-op)
French
- History (Specialist)
- History (Major)
History
- Human Geography (Specialist)
- Human Geography (Major)
Geography
- Music (Major)Music - Instrumental, or 
Music - Vocal
- Theatre and Performance (Major)Dramatic Arts

Application Process:

  • Applicants must apply to the Honours Bachelor of Arts (HBA)/Honours Bachelor of Science (HBSc) program, the MT program and the CDP.
  • Qualified students in Year 3 of their HBA/HBSc degree program apply to the MT program; those accepted will receive a conditional offer to start the MT program upon completion of their HBA/HBSc program and degree requirements.

Minimum Admission Requirements:

To be considered for conditional admission to the MT program and the selected CDP, applicants must meet the following admission requirements:

  • Be admitted to the HBA/HBSc degree and at least one of the above-listed undergraduate programs at UTSC.
  • Meet the admission requirements of the School of Graduate Studies and the MT program.
  • Be enrolled full-time and in good standing in one of the above listed HBA/HBSc program(s):
    • Be registered in Year 3 of the HBA/HBSc program.
    • Have a mid-B average or higher in Year 2 (fall, winter, and summer).
  • If applying to the Intermediate/Senior (I/S) teaching division, have completed at least half of the teaching subjects' prerequisite courses i.e., 3.0 credits in the first teaching subject and at least 1.5 credits in the second teaching subject (or 3.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science) by the end of Year 3. If applying to the Junior/Intermediate (J/I) teaching division, have completed at least half of the prerequisite courses in ONE teaching subject (i.e., 1.5 credits in one teaching subject, or 2.5 credits if French as a Second Language is the teaching subject), which is normally accomplished within the major program the applicant is registered in.
  • Provide at least two letters of reference (1 professional and 1 academic) (for more details see: https://www.oise.utoronto.ca/ctl/masters-degrees/master-teaching).
  • When completing an online application, applicants should indicate their preferred teaching division (i.e., Primary/Junior, Junior/Intermediate, or Intermediate/Senior) and provide responses to the faculty questions as outlined on the Master of Teaching Combined Degree Programs webpage: https://www.oise.utoronto.ca/ctl/masters-degrees/mt-combined. Applicants must also include their resume and describe (in chart form) three significant teaching and/or teaching-related experiences they have had, especially with groups of children as per the instructions on the MT Combined Degree Programs website.
  • Meet other qualifications as specified by the MT program (a police record check, relevant teaching experiences, academic and professional references, and satisfying teaching subject prerequisites).
  • Note: only if applying to the Intermediate/Senior teaching division, prerequisite courses in two teaching subjects are required; or if applying to the Junior/Intermediate teaching division, prerequisite courses in one teaching subject are required. For applicants applying to the Primary/Junior (P/J) teaching division, there are no additional admission requirements.

To be given full, unconditional admission to the MT program, applicants must meet the following admission requirements:

  • Maintain a mid-B (3.0) average or higher in their final year of study in the HBA/HBSc program, or over upper-level (C- and D-level) courses.
  • Achieve at least a B average in 1.0 credit in graduate courses taken in Year 4.
  • For Intermediate/Senior candidates: have completed prerequisite courses for the first and second teaching subjects; for Junior/Intermediate candidates: have completed prerequisite courses for one teaching subject; students are encouraged to consult often with their HBA/HBSc Program Supervisor, as well as the Combined Degree Programs Coordinator.
  •  Successfully complete and receive your HBA/HBSc degree.
  • For Intermediate/Senior or Junior/Intermediate candidates who selected French as a Second Language as a teaching subject: must pass the OISE Proficiency Test in French & International Languages (OPTFIL) (oral and written). Applicants who do not meet the required proficiency level will not be eligible for the French teaching subject, even if the required courses have been completed. Refer to the OPTFIL for detailed information about the test. 

Program Requirements and Path to Completion:

  • Year 1 to 4: HBA/HBSc degree requirements:
    • students must complete all of the HBA/HBSc program and degree requirements;
    • in Year 3, qualified students may apply to the MT and the CDP and may be offered conditional admission to the MT;
    • if applying to the Intermediate/Senior (I/S) teaching division, by the end of Year 3, students must complete at least 3.0 credits required for the first teaching subject, and at least 1.5 credits for the second teaching subject (or 3.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science). For more information, see: MT Intermediate/Senior Teaching Subjects Prerequisites;
    • if applying to the Junior/Intermediate (J/I) teaching division, by the end of Year 3, students must be on the course to complete the prerequisite courses for ONE teaching subject (a minimum of 3.0 credits is required for J/I applicants). Note: 5.0 credits are required for the French as a Second Language teaching subject. For more information, see: MT Junior/Intermediate Teaching Subjects Prerequisites;
    • Students registered in the Major in Music applying to either the I/S or the J/I teaching division within the MT program will, through the program requirements, meet the prerequisite courses for either Music – Instrumental or Music - Vocal as their primary teaching subject. See below for a list of MUZ courses students can select to satisfy the prerequisite requirement in either Instrumental or Vocal music. For program planning support, please contact ACM Program Manager at acm-pm@utsc.utoronto.ca
  •  Courses that meet the Music - Vocal credit requirement are as follows: 

MUZA62H3 Concert Choir Ia
MUZA63H3 Concert Choir Ia 
MUZB62H3 Concert Choir IIa 
MUZB63H3 Concert Choir IIb 
MUZC62H3 Concert Choir IIIa
MUZC63H3 Concert Choir IIIb
 
MUZA80H3 Foundations in Musicianship 
MUZB01H3 Introduction to Community Music
*MUZB02H3 Introduction to Music Teaching, Facilitation and Learning (required, must be one of the courses in the 6.0 credits) 
MUZB03H3 Applications in Music and Health
MUZB20H3 Music in the Contemporary World
MUZB80H3 Developing Musicianship 
MUZB81H3 The Independent Music-Maker 
MUZC01H3 Exploring Community Music 
MUZC02H3 Music, Health, and Wellness

  • Courses that meet the Music - Instrument credit requirement are as follows:

MUZA60H3 Concert Band Ia 
MUZA61H3 Concert Band Ib 
MUZB60H3 Concert Band IIa 
MUZB61H3 Concert Band IIb 
MUZC60H3 Concert Band IIIa 
MUZC61H3 Concert Band IIIb 
MUZA64H3 Strings Orchestra Ia 
MUZA65H3 Strings Orchestra Ib 
MUZB64H3 Strings Orchestra IIa 
MUZB65H3 Strings Orchestra IIb 
MUZC64H3 Strings Orchestra IIIa 
MUZC65H3 Strings Orchestra IIIb 
MUZA66H3 Small Ensemble Ia 
MUZA67H3 Small Ensemble Ib 
MUZB66H3 Small Ensemble IIa 
MUZB67H3 Small Ensemble IIb 
MUZC66H3 Small Ensemble IIIa 
MUZC67H3 Small Ensemble IIIb 

MUZA80H3 Foundations in Musicianship 
MUZB01H3 Introduction to Community Music
*MUZB02H3 Introduction to Music Teaching, Facilitation and Learning (required, must be one of the courses in the 6.0 credits) 
MUZB03H3 Applications in Music and Health 
MUZB20H3 Music in the Contemporary World
MUZB41H3 DJ Cultures: Analogue Innovations, Digital Aesthetics 
MUZB80H3 Developing Musicianship
MUZB81H3 The Independent Music-Maker 
MUZC01H3 Exploring Community Music 
MUZC02H3 Music, Health, and Wellness 
MUZC40H3 The Composer's Studio 
MUZC41H3 Digital Music Creation 
MUZC42H3 Creative Audio Design Workshop

  • in Year 4, students who receive a conditional offer of admission to the CDP must complete any two of the MT elective half courses recommended by OISE for CDP students; these courses (1.0 credit) are counted towards the completion of both the HBA/HBSc degree and the MT program and degree; CDP students are graded as graduate students in these courses and are required to meet graduate expectations;
  • for Intermediate/Senior (I/S) candidates: by the end of Year 4, students must complete all HBA/HBSc program requirements and degree requirements, including at least 6.0 credits required for the first teaching subject, and at least 3.0 credits for the second teaching subject (or 6.0 credits if the second teaching subject is French as a Second Language or Science);
  • for Junior/Intermediate (J/I) candidates: by the end of Year 4, students must complete all HBA/HBSc program requirements and degree requirements, including at least 3.0 credits required for one teaching subject (or 5.0 credits if French as a Second Language is their teaching subject).
  • For applicants applying to the Primary/Junior (P/J) division, there are no additional admission requirements.
  • Year 5 and 6: Remaining MT program and degree requirements:
    • students must complete 10.0 additional credits as identified by OISE during Year 1 and Year 2 of the MT program. 

SPECIALIST PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCSPE1666H

The Specialist in Human Geography expands upon, and enhances, the course requirements and learning outcomes of the Major in Human Geography. It is a more in-depth program that allows a deeper exploration of Human Geography, thus creating an opportunity for advanced students to engage in a richer, more intensive program, and allowing them to gain a sufficient depth of knowledge, and the enhanced methods and skills training they will need, for graduate studies or to compete in employment markets. The Specialist program will pair nicely with the Minor in GIS, or the Minor in City Studies.

Program Requirements
Students must complete 12.0 credits as follows:

1. Foundations of Human Geography (1.0 credit from among the following):
GGRA02H3 Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes
GGRA35H3 The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

2. Theory and Concepts in Human Geography (2.5 credits):
GGRB02H3 Geographic Thought: Critical Perspectives on Key Concepts in Human Geography
GGRB03H3 Writing Worlds
and
1.5 credits from the following:
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography: Life and Death, Place and Power
GGRB18H3/​EESB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease: Beyond Epidemiology
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

3. Methods (2.0 credits):
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
STAB23H3 Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences (or equivalent)
and
1.0 credit from the following:
GGRB30H3 GIS Principles and Applied Mapping
GGRB32H3 GIS in Action: Processing and Analysis
GGRC31H3 Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography

4. Applications (5.5 credits):
5.5 additional credits at the C- and/or D-level in GGR courses

5. Advanced Applications (1.0 credit):
1.0 credit at the D-level in GGR courses

MAJOR PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMAJ1666H

A Major Program for students interested in Human Geography as an academic discipline. This Program equips students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand contemporary social science thought in the context of the communities, societies, and economies formed by human populations, and the ways in which location, landscape, and spatial context shape (and are shaped by) social structures, functioning, and behaviour.
Guidelines for 1st year course selection Students intending to complete the Major Program in Human Geography are required to take two of GGRA02H3, GGRA03H3 or GGRA35H3. Enrollment in GGRA35H3 is limited and restricted to first year students. Students are also encouraged to take GGRA30H3 in their first year as a methods course.
Guidelines for Major Program completion: Courses in the Major Program in Human Geography are divided into three main subdisciplinary areas of focus: Urban Geography, Social/Cultural Geography and Environmental Geography. Major students are encouraged to focus on two areas of focus after second year.

Program Requirements
The Major Program in Human Geography requires a total of 7.0 full credits as follows:

1. Foundations of Human Geography (1.0 credit from the following):
GGRA02H3 Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes
GGRA35H3 The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

2. Theory and Concepts in Human Geography (2.0 credits):
GGRB02H3 Geographic Thought: Critical Perspectives on Key Concepts in Human Geography
and
1.5 credits from the following:
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography: Life and Death, Place and Power
GGRB18H3/​ESTB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease: Beyond Epidemiology
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

3. Methods (1.0 credit from the following):
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
GGRB03H3 Writing Worlds
GGRB30H3 GIS Principles and Applied Mapping
GGRB32H3 GIS in Action: Processing and Analysis
GGRC31H3 Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography
STAB23H3 Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences

4. Applications (2.5 credits):
2.5 credits at the C- and/or D-level in GGR courses

5. Advanced Applications (0.5 credit):
0.5 credit at the D-level in GGR courses

MAJOR PROGRAM IN PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMAJ1666P

This is an interdepartmental program leading to a B.A. degree in which students combine courses in human geography (GGR prefix) with courses in physical geography (EES prefix).

Guidelines for firs year course selection
EES courses presume a background in physical sciences and mathematics. It is recommended that first year students take EESA01H3, EESA06H3, GGRA02H3 and GGRA03H3 and at least 1.0 credit from among [BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3], [CHMA10H3 and CHMA11H3], [PHYA10H3 or PHYA11H3], [MATA30H3 and MATA35H3/​A36H3/A37H3].

Program Requirements
The Major Program in Physical and Human Geography requires the completion of a total of 8.0 credits of which 4.0 credits are to be EES courses, and 4.0 credits are to be GGR or CIT courses. Among these 8.0 credits, the student must include:

1. 2.0 credits as follows:
EESA01H3 Introduction to Environmental Science
EESA06H3 Introduction to Planet Earth
GGRA02H3 Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes

2. 1.5 credits from the following:
EESB02H3 Principles of Geomorphology
EESB03H3 Principles of Climatology
EESB04H3 Principles of Hydrology
EESB05H3 Principles of Soil Science
EESB15H3 Earth History

3. At least 1.5 credits from the following:
CITB01H3 Canadian Cities and Planning
GGRB02H3 Geographic Thought: Critical Perspectives on Key Concepts in Human Geography
GGRB05H3 Urban Geography
GGRB13H3 Social Geography: Life and Death, Place and Power
GGRB18H3/​ESTB02H3 Whose Land Is It Anyway?, Indigenous Peoples, the Crown, and Land in Canada
GGRB21H3 Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change
GGRB28H3 Geographies of Disease: Beyond Epidemiology
GGRB55H3 Cultural Geography

4. At least 1.0 credit at the C- or D-level from EES courses

5. At least 1.0 credit at the C- or D-level from GGR or CIT courses

6. At least one additional 0.5 credit from GGR or CIT courses

7. At least one additional 0.5 credit from EES courses

MINOR PROGRAM IN GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE (GIS) (ARTS) - SCMIN1800

GIS is based on the integration of digital spatial data, mapping software, and spatial analysis tools. GIS has been a core method in Geographical research for almost two decades, but is also rapidly growing in importance outside Geography, in part because of the huge amounts of new spatial data being generated by ubiquitous sensors such as smartphones with GPS locators.

A growing number of research areas and careers require knowledge of GIS and cartographic presentation skills. This minor program provides training in the theory and practical application of Geographic Information Science and systems for spatial analysis, spatial data management, and cartographic representation, and is an excellent option for students pursuing Human Geography, City Studies, Critical Development Studies, Historical and Cultural Studies, Sociology, Political Science, Anthropology, Environmental Studies and Environmental Science.

Program Requirements
This program requires students to complete 4.0 credits as follows:

1. At least 0.5 credit from the following:
GGRA30H3 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing

2. 2.5 credits as follows:
GGRB30H3 GIS Principles and Applied Mapping
GGRB32H3 GIS in Action: Processing and Analysis
GGRC30H3 Advanced GIS
GGRC32H3 Essential Spatial Analysis
GGRD30H3 GIS Research Project

3. 1.0 credit from the following:
CSCA20H3 Introduction to Programming
EESC03H3 Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing (if not used to complete component 1 of the requirements)
GGRC12H3 Transportation Geography
GGRC15H3 Spatial Databases and Applications
GGRC27H3 Location and Spatial Development
GGRC34H3 Crowd-sourced Urban Geographies
GGRC42H3 Making Sense of Data: An Introduction to Geographic Data Science

*Note: CITC18H3, CITD01H3, GGRD01H3, GGRD08H3, GGRD25H3, and GGRD31H3 can be counted towards the Minor in Geographic Information Science (GIS) with permission. Permission must be received from the Departmental Chair or the Program Advisor and will be granted in cases where the student’s major research project employs GIS research methods.

MINOR PROGRAM IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (ARTS) - SCMIN1666H

The minor program is designed to give students a general introduction to Human Geography. Students are encouraged to select their B-, C-, and D -evel courses from one of the three areas of focus: Environmental, Urban or Social/Cultural Geography.

Program Requirements
This program requires the completion of 4.0 credits in Geography including:

1. 1.0 credit as follows:
GGRA02H3 Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds
GGRA03H3 Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes

2. 3.0 credits in GGR courses, of which at least 1.0 credit must be at the C- or D-level

 

Geography Courses

GGRA02H3 - Introduction to Human Geography: Imagining Better Worlds

This course explores our globalized world through a geographic lens, examining how space, place, and scale shape human relations, politics, and culture. Through critical spatial thinking and a historical perspective, we analyze issues like colonialism, capitalism, racism, and geopolitics to understand ongoing colonial wars, social inequalities and the impending climate crisis. In doing so, we explore how geographic knowledge helps us to imagine a better world.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; People, Place and Power

Exclusion: GGR107H, (GGR107Y), GGR117Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRA03H3 - Cities and Environments: Urban Life, Livelihoods & Landscapes

Cities are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, yet they will be vital in fighting the climate crisis. They are major engines of global economic growth, but they are also sites where poverty, substandard housing and food insecurity are concentrated. This course asks: why do cities look and function the way they do, and how can we envision more sustainable and just urban futures? Students will learn a range of concepts that allow them to make sense of cities and urban life, including urbanization, smart cities and digital space, urban agriculture and urban environmental justice.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; Urban Sustainability

Exclusion: GGR107H, (GGR107Y), GGR117Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRA30H3 - Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Empirical Reasoning

Students learn fundamental concepts concerning the structure and effective uses of geographical data and practical skills that will help them to find and apply geographical data appropriately in their studies. Hands-on exercises using a variety of software allow students to gain experience in finding, processing, documenting, and visualizing geographic data. Lecture topics introduce students to the opportunities and challenges of using geographical data as empirical evidence across a range of social science topics.

Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRA35H3 - The Great Scarborough Mashup: People, Place, Community, Experience

Scarborough is a place of rapidly changing social geographies, and now contains one of the world’s most extraordinary mixes of people. What do these changes mean, how can we understand and interpret them? This course introduces Human Geography as the study of people, place, and community through field trips, interviews, and guest lectures.

Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Restricted to first year undergraduate students.

GGRB02H3 - Geographic Thought: Critical Perspectives on Key Concepts in Human Geography

Many of today's key debates - for instance, on globalization, the environment, and cities - draw heavily from geographical thinking and what some have called the "spatial turn" in the social sciences. This course introduces the most important methodological and theoretical aspects of contemporary geographical and spatial thought, and serves as a foundation for other upper level courses in Geography.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB03H3 - Writing Worlds

In this course, students explore writing as practice, reflect on and develop their own authorial voice, and consider the ways in which the world (our cities, streets, nations, etc.) shapes and is shaped by ideas and texts. Topics include: the political economy of publishing, studying within the neoliberal university, positionality and reflexivity, and the materialization and contestation of discourses in space and place.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Arts, Literature and Language
Note: Priority will be given to students enrolled in the Major program in Human Geography. Additional students will be admitted as space permits.

GGRB05H3 - Urban Geography

This course will develop an understanding of the geographic nature of urban systems and the internal spatial patterns and activities in cities. Emphasis is placed on the North American experience with some examples from other regions of the world. The course will explore the major issues and problems facing contemporary urban society and the ways they are analyzed.
Area of Focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 4 credits
Exclusion: GGR124H, (GGR124Y)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB13H3 - Social Geography: Life and Death, Place and Power

An introduction to the role of geography in shaping categories of social difference. The course focuses on race, class, gender, and sexuality as lived in different kinds of places through recent events. Difference is examined for both its role in oppression, and for its liberatory potential.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB18H3 - Whose Land? Indigenous-Canada-Land Relations

Introduces students to the geography of Indigenous-Crown-Land relations in Canada. Beginning with pre-European contact and the historic Nation-to-Nation relationship, the course will survey major research inquiries from the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples to Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Students will learn how ongoing land and treaty violations impact Indigenous peoples, settler society, and the land in Canada.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; People, Place and Power
Same as ESTB02H3

Prerequisite: 4.0 credits, including at least 0.5 credit in ANT, CIT, EST, GGR, HLT, IDS, POL or SOC
Exclusion: ESTB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB21H3 - Political Ecology: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

This course explores the assumption that ecological change is always profoundly political. Political ecology at its core is about the interconnection between social and ecological change and the relations of power therein. Students consider central approaches to political ecology, including perspectives focusing on population, political economy, environmental racism and justice and feminist perspectives on gender and nature. The course examines defining environmental issues of our time, including the preservation of wilderness spaces, Indigenous movements regarding land, climate change and the Green New Deal and the prospects of urban agriculture.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Exclusion: GGR222H, GGR223H, GGRC22H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB28H3 - Geographies of Disease: Beyond Epidemiology

Why do infectious diseases discriminate along the lines of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other forms of difference? This course explores patterns of infectious diseases while emphasizing the broader contexts that shape them, including histories of colonialism, structural adjustment policies, stereotypes about “Africa,” uneven development, and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry. Attention will be given to flu, COVID, TB and especially HIV/AIDS.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRB30H3 - GIS Principles and Applied Mapping

This course provides a practical introduction to digital mapping and spatial analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The course is designed to provide hands-on experience using GIS to analyse spatial data, and create maps that effectively communicate data meanings. Students are instructed in GIS methods and approaches that are relevant not only to Geography but also to many other disciplines. In the lectures, we discuss mapping and analysis concepts and how you can apply them using GIS software. In the practice exercises and assignments, you then learn how to do your own data analysis and mapping, gaining hands-on experience with ArcGIS software, the most widely used GIS software.

Exclusion: GGR272H, GGR278H
Recommended Preparation: GGRA30H3
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRB32H3 - GIS in Action: Processing and Analysis

This course builds on GGRB30 Fundamentals of GIS, continuing the examination of theoretical and analytical components of GIS and spatial analysis, and their application through lab assignments. The course covers digitizing, topology, vector data models, remote sensing and raster data models and analysis, geoprocessing, map design and cartography, data acquisition, metadata, and data management, and web mapping.

Prerequisite: GGRB30H3
Exclusion: GGR273H1
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRB55H3 - Cultural Geography

The course introduces core concepts in cultural geography such as race and ethnicity, identity and difference, public and private, landscape and environment, faith and community, language and tradition, and mobilities and social change. Emphasis will be on cross-disciplinary, critical engagement with current events, pop culture, and visual texts including comics, photos, and maps.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 4.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC01H3 - Supervised Readings in Human Geography

An independent supervised reading course open only to students in the Major Program in Human Geography. An independent literature review research project will be carried out under the supervision of an individual faculty member.

Prerequisite: 10 full credits including completion of the following requirements for the Major Program in Human Geography: 1) Introduction, 2) Theory and Concepts, 3) Methods; and a cumulative GPA of at least 2.5.

GGRC02H3 - Population Geography

An examination of the geographical dimension to human population through the social dynamics of fertility, mortality and migration. Themes include disease epidemics, international migration, reproductive technologies, and changing family structure.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR323H, GGR208H
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC09H3 - Current Topics in People, Place and Power

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in social geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is a unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth; the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC10H3 - Urbanization and Development

Examines global urbanization processes and the associated transformation of governance, social, economic, and environmental structures particularly in the global south. Themes include theories of development, migration, transnational flows, socio-spatial polarization, postcolonial geographies of urbanization.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC11H3 - Current Topics in Urban Sustainability

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in urban geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is a unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth; the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC12H3 - Transportation Geography

Transportation systems play a fundamental role in shaping social, economic and environmental outcomes in a region. This course explores geographical perspectives on the development and functioning of transportation systems, interactions between transportation and land use, and costs and benefits associated with transportation systems including: mobility, accessibility, congestion, pollution, and livability.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR370H, GGR424H
Recommended Preparation: GGRA30H3 or GGRB30H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC13H3 - Urban Political Geography

Geographical approach to the politics of contemporary cities with emphasis on theories and structures of urban political processes and practices. Includes nature of local government, political powers of the property industry, big business and community organizations and how these shape the geography of cities.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or PPGB66H3/(PPGC66H3)/(POLC66H3)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC15H3 - Spatial Databases and Applications

Given the importance of the management of data within geographic information modelling, this course provides students with the opportunity to develop skills for creating, administering and applying spatial databases. Overview of relational database management systems, focusing on spatial data, relationships and operations and practice creating and using spatial databases. Structured Query Language (SQL) and extensions to model spatial data and spatial relationships. Topics are introduced through a selection of spatial data applications to contextualize, explain, and practice applying spatial databases to achieve application objectives: creating data from scanned maps; proximity and spatial relations; vehicle routing; elementary web services for spatial data. Students will complete a term project applying spatial data to study or model a topic of their choosing.

Prerequisite: GGRB32H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC21H3 - Current Topics in Nature, Society and Environment Change

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in environmental geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is a unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.
Area of focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC24H3 - Socio-Natures and the Cultural Politics of 'The Environment'

This course asks what counts as nature, for whom and when, and asks how environments are made in specific moments in time, for particular groups of people. Responding to these questions, the course examines children’s books, film, art, video games and even pets, to interrogate the cultural politics that accompany representations of nature and entanglements with non-human life. Through examining the social claims at play in what is considered ‘natural’, or not, students make sense of the non—innocence of nature and discuss creative ways for constructing more just environments.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC25H3 - Land Reform and Development

Land reform, which entails the redistribution of private and public lands, is broadly associated with struggles for social justice. It embraces issues concerning how land is transferred (through forceful dispossession, law, or markets), and how it is currently held. Land inequalities exist all over the world, but they are more pronounced in the developing world, especially in countries that were affected by colonialism. Land issues, including land reform, affect most development issues.
Area of focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or AFSB01H3 or IDSB02H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC26H3 - Geographies of Environmental Governance

This research-intensive course examines how environments, resources and infrastructure projects are governed and contested. Through instruction on research design and methods, and a survey of literature examining the political economy of nature and Indigenous perspectives on land, students develop a term-long research project examining a key piece of infrastructure (for example, a pipeline, dam, or mine). The course provides robust training in the research process, including research design, questions, methods, and writing, equipping students to critically interrogate the governance of environments.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC27H3 - Location and Spatial Development

Location of a firm; market formation and areas; agricultural location; urban spatial equilibrium; trade and spatial equilibrium; locational competition; equilibrium for an industry; trade and location.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: MGEA01H3 and [[GGRB02H3 and GGRB05H3] or [CITB01H3 and CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]] or [[MGEB01H3 or MGEB02H3] and [MGEB05H3 or MGEB06H3]]
Exclusion: (GGRB27H3) GGR220Y
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC28H3 - Centering Indigenous Ecology and Justice

Engages Indigenous perspectives on the environment and environmental issues. Students will think with Indigenous concepts, practices, and theoretical frameworks to consider human-environment relations. Pressing challenges and opportunities with respect to Indigenous environmental knowledge, governance, law, and justice will be explored. With a focus primarily on Canada, the course will include case studies from the US, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand.
Area of Focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB18H3/ESTB02H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC30H3 - Advanced GIS

This course covers advanced theoretical and practical issues of using GIS systems for research and spatial analysis. Students will learn how to develop and manage GIS research projects, create and analyze three-dimensional surfaces, build geospatial models, visualize geospatial data, and perform advanced spatial analysis. Lectures introduce concepts and labs implement them.

Prerequisite: GGRB32H3
Exclusion: GGR373H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC31H3 - Qualitative Geographical Methods: Place and Ethnography

Explores the practice of ethnography (i.e. participant observation) within and outside the discipline of geography, and situates this within current debates on methods and theory. Topics include: the history of ethnography, ethnography within geography, current debates within ethnography, the "field," and ethnography and "development."
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: History, Philosophy and Cultural Studies

GGRC32H3 - Essential Spatial Analysis

This course builds on introductory statistics and GIS courses by introducing students to the core concepts and methods of spatial analysis. With an emphasis on spatial thinking in an urban context, topics such as distance decay, distance metrics, spatial interaction, spatial distributions, and spatial autocorrelation will be used to quantify spatial patterns and identify spatial processes. These tools are the essential building blocks for the quantitative analysis of urban spatial data.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits including [STAB23H3 and GGRB30H3]
Exclusion: GGR276H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC33H3 - The Toronto Region

This course examines issues of urban form and structure, urban growth and planning in the Toronto region. Current trends in population, housing, economy, environment, governance, transport, urban design and planning practices at the local level and the regional scale will be examined critically.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC34H3 - Crowd-sourced Urban Geographies

Significant recent transformations of geographic knowledge are being generated by the ubiquitous use of smartphones and other distributed sensors, while web-based platforms such as Open Street Map and Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) have made crowd-sourcing of geographical data relatively easy. This course will introduce students to these new geographical spaces, approaches to creating them, and the implications for local democracy and issues of privacy they pose.
Area of focus: Urban Geography

Prerequisite: GGRB05H3 or GGRB30H3
Recommended Preparation: GGRB32H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC40H3 - Megacities and Global Urbanization

The last 50 years have seen dramatic growth in the global share of population living in megacities over 10 million population, with most growth in the global south. Such giant cities present distinctive infrastructure, health, water supply, and governance challenges, which are increasingly central to global urban policy and health.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: (CITC40H3)
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC41H3 - Current Topics in Human Geography

Examination and discussion of current trends and issues in human geography, with particular emphasis on recent developments in concepts and methods. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year.

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB20H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC42H3 - Making Sense of Data: An Introduction to Geographic Data Science

This course builds on foundational knowledge of spatial analysis to introduce the principles and methods of geographic data science. Emphasizing spatial thinking and computational approaches, students learn how to acquire, clean, and visualize spatial data; identify patterns and relationships across places; and apply advanced analytical techniques to address questions in the social sciences. The course develops practical skills in coding, spatial data management, and reproducible analytical workflows that extend spatial analysis into contemporary data-driven research and policy practice.

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits including [STAB23H3 and GGRB30H3]
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRC43H3 - Social Geographies of Street Food

This course uses street food to comparatively assess the production of ‘the street’, the legitimation of bodies and substances on the street, and contests over the boundaries of, and appropriate use of public and private space. It also considers questions of labour and the culinary infrastructure of contemporary cities around the world.

Area of Focus: Social/Cultural Geography
Same as FSTC43H3

Prerequisite: FSTA01H3 or GGRA02H3 or GGRA03H3
Exclusion: FSTC43H3, GGRC41H3 (if taken in the 2019 Winter and 2020 Winter sessions)
Breadth Requirements: History, Philosophy and Cultural Studies

GGRC44H3 - Environmental Conservation and Sustainable Development

Deals with two main topics: the origins of environmental problems in the global spread of industrial capitalism, and environmental conservation and policies. Themes include: changes in human-environment relations, trends in environmental problems, the rise of environmental awareness and activism, environmental policy, problems of sustainable development.
Area of focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Exclusion: GGR233Y, (GGRB20H3)
Recommended Preparation: GGRB21H3 or IDSB02H3 or ESTB01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRC48H3 - Geographies of Urban Poverty

How have social and economic conditions deteriorated for many urban citizens? Is the geographic gap widening between the rich and the poor? This course will explore the following themes: racialization of poverty, employment and poverty, poverty and gender socio-spatial polarization, and housing and homelessness.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power; Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or GGRB05H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRC50H3 - Geographies of Education

Explores the social geography of education, especially in cities. Topics include geographical educational inequalities; education, class and race; education, the family, and intergenerational class immobility; the movement of children to attend schools; education and the ‘right to the city.’
Areas of focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB05H3 or GGRB13H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRC54H3 - Human Geography Field Trip

Provides an opportunity to engage in a field trip and field research work on a common research topic. The focus will be on: preparation of case study questions; methods of data collection including interviews, archives, and observation; snowballing contacts; and critical case-study analysis in a final report.

Prerequisite: GGRB02H3 and 1.0 additional credit at the B-level in GGR
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: Partnership-Based Experience

GGRD01H3 - Supervised Research Project

An independent studies course open only to students in the Specialist and Major Program in Human Geography. An independent studies project will be carried out under the supervision of an individual faculty member.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB02H3

GGRD08H3 - Local Geographies of the Urban Environment

This course focuses on the geographies of localized urban environmental issues and spaces with an emphasis on the theories and practices (praxis) of urban sustainability and urban environmental justice. The course examines environmental policy, processes, and issues, and in particular, community-based engagement, through an exploration of natural spaces and places of nature in Scarborough.
Area of focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB21H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD09H3 - Feminist Geographies

How do gender relations shape different spaces? We will explore how feminist geographers have approached these questions from a variety of scales - from the home, to the body, to the classroom, to the city, to the nation, drawing on the work of feminist geographers.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power; Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD10H3 - Health and Sexuality

This course explores the connections between health, sexuality, and social inequalities. It begins by examining the socially constructed nature of sexuality and how this varies across time and place. Subsequent themes include masculinities and health, histories of love, reproductive health, and transnational relationships and health. Examples will be taken from a variety of countries, including in the global South, and special attention will be given to HIV/AIDS.
Area of focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB13H3 or IDSB04H3 or WSTB05H3]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD12H3 - Seminar in Selected Topics in Human Geography

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this seminar is devoted to analysis and discussion of current theoretical and methodological issues in human geography. This course is an unique opportunity to explore a particular topic in-depth, the specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including GGRB02H3

GGRD13H3 - Space, Place, People: Practice of Ethnographic Inquiry

This course focuses on the practice of ethnography in geographic research and allows students to design and conduct their own ethnographic research projects. Utilizing various approaches in geographic scholarship, in the first part of the course students will learn about ethnographic research methods and methodologies and finalize their research proposals. In the second part, they will carry out their research under the supervision of the course director and with support from their peers. Course assignments will assist each student throughout their research design, ethics approval, ethnography, and writing a final paper. Course meetings will be conducted in a seminar format.

Prerequisite: Any 13.0 credits, including GGRC31H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD14H3 - Social Justice and the City

Examines links between politics of difference, social justice and cities. Covers theories of social justice and difference with a particular emphasis placed on understanding how contemporary capitalism exacerbates urban inequalities and how urban struggles such as Occupy Wall Street seek to address discontents of urban dispossession. Examples of urban social struggles will be drawn from global North and South.
Areas of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or GGRB13H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3) or IDSB06H3]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD15H3 - Queer Geographies

How do sex and gender norms take and shape place? To examine this question, we will explore selected queer and trans scholarship, with a particular emphasis on queer scholars of colour and queer postcolonial literatures. Course topics include LGBTQ2S lives and movements, cities and sexualities, cross-border migration flows, reproductive justice, and policing and incarceration.
Area of Focus: People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: Any 8.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: GGRB13H3 or WSTB25H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD16H3 - Work and Livelihoods in the GTA

As major engines of the global economy, cities are also concentrated sites of work and employment. Popular and political understandings about what constitutes "fair" and "decent" work, meanwhile, are currently facing profound challenges. From the rise of platformed gig work to the rising cost of living in many cities – this course introduces students to approaches within Geography that help to conceptualize what "work" is, and to major forces shaping the laboured landscapes of cities, with a focus on the Greater Toronto Area. In this course students will get the opportunity to explore the varied forms of production and reproduction that make the GTA function and thrive, and to develop a vocabulary and critical lens to identify the geographies of different kinds of work and employment relations. Students will also have the chance to develop labour market research skills, and to critically examine the forms of work they themselves undertake every day.
Area of Focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]
Exclusion: SOCB54H3 and GGRD25H3 (if taken in Winter 2022)
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

GGRD25H3 - Research Seminar in Urban Spaces

Designed for final-year Human Geography Majors, this seminar is devoted to analysis and discussion of current theoretical and methodological issues in urban geography. Specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.
Area of focus: Urban Sustainability

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including [GGRB05H3 or CITA01H3/(CITB02H3)]
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Note: Priority will be given to Geography Majors with the highest CGPA.

GGRD30H3 - GIS Research Project

Students will design, manage and complete a research project using GIS. Students will work in teams of 4-6 to pose a research question, acquire a dataset, and organize and analyze the data to answer their question. The course will teach research design, project management, data analysis, team work, and presentation of final results.

Prerequisite: GGRC30H3
Exclusion: GGR462H
Breadth Requirements: Quantitative Reasoning

GGRD31H3 - Independent Research Project

Independent research extension to one of the courses already completed in Human Geography. Enrolment requires written permission from a faculty supervisor and the Associate Chair, Human Geography. Only open to students who have completed 13.0 credits and who are enrolled in the Specialist and Major Program in Human Geography, Major Program in Physical and Human Geography, or Minor Program in GIS sponsored by the Department of Human Geography.

Prerequisite: Any 13.0 credits
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD38H3 - Relational Geography: Making Kin in a More-Than-Human World

New approaches within geography challenge ontological divisions between humans, not-quite-humans, and nonhumans, viewing entities and their relations as interconnected. But relational thinking is not new. Students will consider Indigenous, Black, and Feminist scholarship that centres connectedness; rethinks social hierarchies of being, agency, and worth; and activates alternate worldmaking possibilities.

Prerequisite: Any 12.0 credits
Recommended Preparation: Any one of the following: GGRB13H3, GGRB21H3, GGRC24H3, GGRC25H3, GGRC26H3, GGRC28H3, and GGRD49H3.
Breadth Requirements: History, Philosophy and Cultural Studies, Social and Behavioural Sciences
Course Experience: University-Based Experience

GGRD49H3 - Land and Land Conflicts in the Americas

In everyday life, we tend to equate land with property. This course excavates this assumption by exploring regimes of property and the alternative epistemologies of land and livelihood that they displace, looking at colonialism, contests over urban space, geopolitical conflict, and how we might realize more just land relations.
Areas of focus: Nature, Society and Environmental Change; People, Place and Power

Prerequisite: 13.0 credits including at least 0.5 credit at the B-level from (AFS, ANT, CIT, GGR, HLT, IDS, POL, PPG, or SOC) 
Exclusion: (GGRC49H3)
Recommended Preparation: GGRB13H3 or GGRB21H3 or IDSA01H3
Breadth Requirements: Social and Behavioural Sciences

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