ACMA01H3 surveys the cultural achievements of the humanities in visual art, language, music, theatre, and film within their historical, material, and philosophical contexts. Students gain understanding of the meanings of cultural works and an appreciation of their importance in helping define what it means to be human.

Equity and diversity in the arts promotes diversity of all kinds, including those of race, gender, socio-economic status, sexual orientation or identity, age, ability or disability, religion, and aesthetics, tradition or practice. This course examines issues of equity and diversity and how they apply across all disciplines of arts, culture and media through critical readings and analysis of cultural policy.

A study of the arts, culture and/or media sector through reflective practice. Students will synthesize their classroom and work place / learning laboratory experiences in a highly focused, collaborative, and facilitated way through a series of assignments and discussions.

An advanced study of the arts, culture and/or media sector through reflective practice. Students will further engage with work places as “learning laboratories”, and play a mentorship role for students in earlier stages of the experiential education process.

An advanced study of the arts, culture and/or media sector through reflective practice. Students will further synthesize their classroom and work place / learning laboratory experiences, and play a mentorship role for students in earlier stages of the experiential education process.

Independent study of an advanced and intensive kind, under the direction of a faculty member. The material studied should bear some significant relation to the student's previous work, and should differ significantly in content and/or concentration from topics offered in other courses.
Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering for these courses. The student should submit to the instructor a statement of objectives and proposed content for the course; this should be done by 15 April for 'F' courses and by 1 December for 'S' courses. If the proposal is approved, two faculty members from relevant disciplines will supervise and evaluate the work.

Independent study of an advanced and intensive kind, under the direction of a faculty member. The material studied should bear some significant relation to the student's previous work, and should differ significantly in content and/or concentration from topics offered in other courses.
Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering for these courses. The student should submit to the instructor a statement of objectives and proposed content for the course; this should be done by 15 April for 'F' courses and by 1 December for 'S' courses. If the proposal is approved, two faculty members from relevant disciplines will supervise and evaluate the work.

Independent study of an advanced and intensive kind, under the direction of a faculty member. The material studied should bear some significant relation to the student's previous work, and should differ significantly in content and/or concentration from topics offered in other courses.
Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering for these courses. The student should submit a statement of objectives and proposed content for the course to the instructor by 15 April for 'F' and 'Y' courses and by 1 December for 'S' courses. If the proposal is approved, two faculty members from relevant disciplines will supervise and evaluate the work.

This course is an advanced-level collaborative project for senior students in Arts, Culture and Media under the direction of one or more faculty members. While the course nature and focus will vary year to year, the project will likely be rooted in Arts, Culture and Media faculty research or an ongoing community partnership, and will likely involve experiential elements.

Note: Students should contact the ACM Program Manager: acm-pa@utsc.utoronto.ca, to verify if this course could be counted towards their ACM program requirements.

This course offers students the opportunity to integrate experiential learning appropriate to students’ fields of study within the Department of Arts, Culture and Media. It provides student experiences that develop work and life-related skills and knowledge through a spectrum of interactive approaches with focused reflection. The course allows students to apply ACM-specific program knowledge and/or essential employability skills. Students must complete an application form made available on the UTSC Timetable and on the ACM website.

This course offers students the opportunity to integrate academic learning with an internship placement appropriate to students’ field of study within the Department of Arts, Culture and Media. The 0.5 credit, two-term course provides students an understanding of workplace dynamics while allowing them to refine and clarify professional and career goals through critical analysis of their work-integrated learning experience.

This course is concerned with the concept of financial interest. Topics covered include: interest, discount and present values, as applied to determine prices and values of annuities, mortgages, bonds, equities, loan repayment schedules and consumer finance payments in general, yield rates on investments given the costs on investments.

An interdisciplinary introduction to the history and development of Africa with Africa's place in the wider world a key theme. Students critically engage with African and diasporic histories, cultures, social structures, economies, and belief systems. Course material is drawn from Archaeology, History, Geography, Literature, Film Studies, and Women's Studies.

Same as HISA08H3

This experiential learning course allows students to experience first hand the realities, challenges, and opportunities of working with development organizations in Africa. The goal is to allow students to actively engage in research, decision-making, problem solving, partnership building, and fundraising, processes that are the key elements of development work.
Same as IDSA02H3

An interdisciplinary introduction to African and African diasporic religions in historic context, including traditional African cosmologies, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, as well as millenarian and synchretic religious movements.

Same as HISB52H3

An overview of the range and diversity of African social institutions, religious beliefs and ritual, kinship, political and economic organization, pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial experience.
Same as ANTB05H3

An introduction to the history of Sub-Saharan Africa, from the era of the slave trade to the colonial conquests. Throughout, the capacity of Africans to overcome major problems will be stressed. Themes include slavery and the slave trade; pre-colonial states and societies; economic and labour systems; and religious change.
Same as HISB50H3

Modern Sub-Saharan Africa, from the colonial conquests to the end of the colonial era. The emphasis is on both structure and agency in a hostile world. Themes include conquest and resistance; colonial economies; peasants and labour; gender and ethnicity; religious and political movements; development and underdevelopment; Pan-Africanism, nationalism and independence.
Same as HISB51H3

Africa from the 1960s to the present. After independence, Africans experienced great optimism and then the disappointments of unmet expectations, development crises, conflict and AIDS. Yet the continent’s strength is its youth. Topics include African socialism and capitalism; structural adjustment and resource economies; dictatorship and democratization; migration and urbanization; social movements.
Same as HISB54H3

This course is intended as an advanced critical introduction to contemporary African politics. It seeks to examine the nature of power and politics, state and society, war and violence, epistemology and ethics, identity and subjectivities, history and the present from a comparative and historical perspective. It asks what the main drivers of African politics are, and how we account for political organization and change on the continent from a comparative and historical perspective.

Same as IDSC03H3.

This course introduces students to alternative business institutions (including cooperatives, credit unions, worker-owned firms, mutual aid, and social enterprises) to challenge development. It investigates the history and theories of the solidarity economy as well as its potential contributions to local, regional and international socio-economic development. There will be strong experiential education aspects in the course to debate issues. Students analyze case studies with attention paid to Africa and its diaspora to combat exclusion through cooperative structures.

Same as IDSC19H3

This course uses a focus on material history and visual culture to explore Ethiopia from the fourth through the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on the Christian Church, the monarchy, links with both the Mediterranean world and the Indian subcontinent, and the relationship of individuals to their social, economic, artistic and geographic environments.
Same as HISC52H3 and VPHC52H3

How development affects, and is affected by, women around the world. Topics may include labour and economic issues, food production, the effects of technological change, women organizing for change, and feminist critiques of traditional development models.

Same as WSTC10H3

Conflict and social change in Africa from the slave trade to contemporary times. Topics include the politics of resistance, women and war, repressive and weak states, the Cold War, guerrilla movements, resource predation. Case studies of anti-colonial rebellions, liberation wars, and civil conflicts will be chosen from various regions.
Same as HISC55H3

The migration of Caribbean peoples to the United States, Canada, and Europe from the late 19th century to the present. The course considers how shifting economic circumstances and labour demands, the World Wards, evolving imperial relationships, pan-Africanism and international unionism, decolonization, natural disasters, and globalization shaped this migration.
Same as HISC70H3

This course examines women in Sub-Saharan Africa in the pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial periods. It covers a range of topics including slavery, colonialism, prostitution, nationalism and anti-colonial resistance, citizenship, processes of production and reproduction, market and household relations, and development.
Same as HISC97H3

This course examines resource extraction in African history. We examine global trade networks in precolonial Africa, and the transformations brought by colonial extractive economies. Case studies, from diamonds to uranium, demonstrate how the resource curse has affected states and economies, especially in the postcolonial period.

Same as IDSD07H3

This course analyzes racial capitalism among persons of African descent in the Global South and Global North with a focus on diaspora communities. Students learn about models for self-determination, solidarity economies and cooperativism as well as Black political economy theory.

Same as IDSD16H3

This course offers an advanced critical introduction to the security-development nexus and the political economy of conflict, security, and development. It explores the major issues in contemporary conflicts, the securitization of development, the transformation of the security and development landscapes, and the broader implications they have for peace and development in the Global South.

Same as IDSD20H3.

A seminar study of southern African history from 1900 to the present. Students will consider industrialization in South Africa, segregation, apartheid, colonial rule, liberation movements, and the impact of the Cold War. Historiography and questions of race, class and gender will be important. Extensive reading and student presentations are required.
Same as HISD51H3
Africa and Asia Area

A seminar study of East African peoples from late pre-colonial times to the 1990's, emphasizing their rapid although uneven adaptation to integration of the region into the wider world. Transitions associated with migrations, commercialization, religious change, colonial conquest, nationalism, economic development and conflict, will be investigated. Student presentations are required.
Same as HISD52H3

This seminar course examines the First World War in its imperial and colonial context in Africa and Asia. Topics include forgotten fronts in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, colonial armies and civilians, imperial economies and resources, the collapse of empires and the remaking of the colonial world.

Same as GASD53H3 and HISD53H3

An introduction to Biological Anthropology and Archaeology. Concentrates on the origins and evolution of human life, including both biological and archaeological aspects, from the ancient past to the present.
Science credit

How does an anthropological perspective enable us to understand cultural difference in an interconnected world? In this course, students will learn about the key concepts of culture, society, and language. Drawing upon illustrations of family, economic, political, and religious systems from a variety of the world's cultures, this course will introduce students to the anthropological approach to studying and understanding human ways of life.

This course examines human-environmental relations from an anthropological perspective. Throughout the semester, we explore how peoples from different parts of the globe situate themselves within culturally constructed landscapes. Topics covered include ethnoecology, conservation, green consumerism, the concept of 'wilderness', and what happens when competing and differentially empowered views of the non-human world collide.

An ethnographic inquiry into the culturally configured human body as a reservoir of experiential knowledge, focus of symbolism, and site of social, moral, and political control.

An overview of the range and diversity of African social institutions, religious beliefs and ritual, kinship, political and economic organization, pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial experience.
Same as AFSB05H3
Area course

How is culture represented through visual media, from ethnographic and documentary film, to feature films, television, and new media? How do various communities re-vision themselves through mass, independent, or new media? This course investigates media and its role in the contemporary world from a socio-cultural anthropological perspective.

This introduction to archaeology focuses on how societies around the world have changed through time from the earliest humans to the emergence of state-level societies. This course uses a global perspective to address key issues such as evidence of the earliest art, development of agriculture, and the origins of social inequality and warfare.

This course is about science fiction as a form of cultural and political critique. The course will explore themes that are central to both ethnography and science fiction, including topics such as colonialism, gender, and the climate crisis, while reflecting on the power of writing and myth-making to produce meaning and the future.

This course explores the synthetic theory of evolution, its principles, processes, evidence and application as it relates to the evolution of human and nonhuman primates. Lecture topics and laboratory projects include: evolutionary theory, human variation, human adaptability, primate biology, and behaviour, taxonomy and classification, paleontological principles and human origins and evolution.

Science credit

Basic to the course is an understanding of the synthetic theory of evolution and the principles, processes, evidence and application of the theory. Laboratory projects acquaint the student with the methods and materials utilized Biological Anthropology. Specific topics include: the development of evolutionary theory, the biological basis for human variation, the evolutionary forces, human adaptability and health and disease.
Science credit
Same as HLTB20H3

This course explores the creation or invention of a Canadian national identity in literature, myth and symbolism, mass media, and political culture. Ethnographic accounts that consider First Nations, regional, and immigrant identities are used to complicate the dominant story of national unity.
Area course

This course addresses Latin American systems of inequality in relation to national and transnational political economy, from colonialism to neoliberalism; how ideas of race, culture, and nation intersect with development thinking and modernization agendas; and how the poor and marginalized have accommodated, resisted, and transformed cultural and political domination.
Area course

This course introduces students to the theory and practice of ethnography, the intensive study of people's lives as shaped by social relations, cultural beliefs, and historical forces. Various topics, including religion, economics, politics, and kinship introduce students to key anthropological concepts and theoretical developments in the field.

How has the global flow of goods, persons, technologies, and capital reproduced forms of inequality? Using ethnography and other media, students examine globalization through topics like migration, race and citizenship, environmental degradation, and increasing violence while also discussing older anthropological concerns (e.g., kinship, religious practices, and authority). This course enhances students’ understanding of ethnography, as a method for studying how actors engage and rework the global forces shaping their lives.

This course will provide students with a general introduction to the behaviour and ecology of non-human primates (prosimians, Old and New World monkeys, and apes), with a particular emphasis on social behaviour. The course will consist of lectures reinforced by course readings; topics covered will include dominance, affiliation, social and mating systems, communication, and reproduction.
Science credit

What makes the Middle East and North Africa unique as a world region? This course considers the enduring impact of the past colonial encounter with the North Atlantic, as well as religious movements, nationalist histories, the impact of new communication technologies, and regional conflicts. Examples are drawn from a variety of contexts.

This course explores a pressing issue facing contemporary life: “the future of work.” It examines how work has been and continues to be transformed by automation, digital technologies, climate change, pandemics, the retrenchment of the welfare state, deindustrialization, global supply chains, and imperial and colonial rule. All kinds of media (e.g., academic texts, corporate publications, policy reports, activist literature, cinema) will be utilized to demonstrate how these transformations are not limited to work or labour but reverberate across social, political, and economic life.

Around the world, youth is understood as the liminal phase in our lives. This course examines how language and new media technologies mark the lives of youth today. We consider social media, smartphones, images, romance, youth activism and the question of technological determinism. Examples are drawn from a variety of contexts.
Same as MDSB09H3

A cultural and comparative study of apocalyptic thought, practice, and representation around the world. It explores the conditions that inspire end times thinking and the uses it serves. Cases may include: millenarian movements, Revelation, colonialism, epidemics, infertility, deindustrialization, dystopian science fiction, nuclear war, climate change, and zombies.

This course surveys central issues in the ethnographic study of contemporary South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka). Students will engage with classical and recent ethnographies to critically examine key thematic fault lines within national imaginations, especially along the lines of religion, caste, gender, ethnicity, and language. Not only does the course demonstrate how these fault lines continually shape the nature of nationalism, state institutions, development, social movements, violence, and militarism across the colonial and post-colonial periods but also, demonstrates how anthropological knowledge and ethnography provide us with a critical lens for exploring the most pressing issues facing South Asia in the world today.

Same as GASB42H3

This course examines the social significance of food and foodways from the perspective of cultural anthropology. We explore how the global production, distribution, and consumption of food, shapes or reveals, social identities, political processes, and cultural relations. Lectures are supplemented by hands-on tutorials in the Culinaria Kitchen Laboratory.

Introduces the cultures and peoples of the Pacific. Examines the ethnography of the region, and the unique contributions that Pacific scholarship has made to the development of anthropological theory. Explores how practices of exchange, ritual, notions of gender, death and images of the body serve as the basis of social organization.
Area course

A comparison of pilgrimage in different religious traditions, including Christian, Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu and those of indigenous communities (such as the Huichol of Mexico) will introduce students to the anthropology of religion. We will consider the aspirations and experiences of various pilgrims, while being mindful of cultural similarities and differences.

This course introduces students to the methods, theories, and practices used in Archaeology. Building on the course material presented in ANTA01H3, there will be a focus on important themes in Archaeology as a subfield of Anthropology, including: artefact analysis, dating methods, theories of the origins of social development/complexity, and careers in archaeology today. This course will include lectures and complimentary readings that will expose students to the important ideas within the field. There will also be an experiential component in the form of four hands-on workshops where students will get to interact with artefacts and gain experience using some of the methods discussed in class. There will be an extra workshop for students to get help with their essay outline.

A directed exploration of specific topics in Anthropology, based on extensive investigation of the literature.
These courses are available in exceptional circumstances and do not duplicate regular course offerings. Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering. Individual tutorials, as arranged. A minimum B plus average is normally required to be considered for these courses. May be science credit or area course depending on topic.

A directed exploration of specific topics in Anthropology, based on extensive investigation of the literature.
These courses are available in exceptional circumstances and do not duplicate regular course offerings. Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering. Individual tutorials, as arranged. A minimum B plus average is normally required to be considered for these courses. May be science credit or area course depending on topic.

This course explores the intersection of the social and the material by examining the role of objects in making worlds. We examine the relationship between people, culture, and 'things' through topics such as commodification and consumption, collecting and representation, technology and innovation, art and artifact, and the social life of things. 

This course explores Anthropological approaches to kinship and family arrangements. In addition to examining the range of forms that family arrangements can take cross-culturally, we also examine how kinship configurations have changed within our own society in recent years. Topics to be covered include trans-national adoption, "mail-order-brides", new reproductive technologies and internet dating.

A critical probe of the origins, concepts, and practices of regional and international development in cultural perspective. Attention is paid to how forces of global capitalism intersect with local systems of knowledge and practice.

Examines why, when, and how gender inequality became an anthropological concern by tracing the development of feminist thought in a comparative ethnographic framework.

Explores cultural constructions of male and female in a range of societies and institutions. Also examines non-binary gender configurations.

The study of human origins in light of recent approaches surrounding human evolution. This course will examine some of these, particularly the process of speciation, with specific reference to the emergence of Homo. Fossils will be examined, but the emphasis will be on the interpretations of the process of hominisation through the thoughts and writings of major workers in the field.
Science credit

The study of human origins in light of recent approaches surrounding human evolution. New fossil finds present new approaches and theory. This course will examine some of these, particularly the process of speciation and hominisation with specific reference to the emergence of Homo. Labs permit contact with fossils in casts.
Science credit

The planet today is more urbanized than at any other moment in its history. What are the tools we need to examine urbanization in this contemporary moment? This course explores how urbanization has altered everyday life for individuals and communities across the globe. Students will trace urbanization as transformative of environmental conditions, economic activities, social relations, and political life. Students will thus engage with work on urbanization to examine how urban spaces and environments come to be differentiated along the lines of race, class, and gender. Not only does this course demonstrate how such fault lines play themselves out across contexts, but also provides the critical lenses necessary to tackle the most pressing issues related to urbanization today.

This course examines economic arrangements from an anthropological perspective. A key insight to be examined concerns the idea that by engaging in specific acts of production, people produce themselves as particular kinds of human beings. Topics covered include gifts and commodities, consumption, global capitalism and the importance of objects as cultural mediators in colonial and post-colonial encounters.

What limits exist or can be set to commoditized relations? To what extent can money be transformed into virtue, private goods into the public "Good"? We examine the anthropological literature on gift-giving, systems of exchange and value, and sacrifice. Students may conduct a short ethnographic project on money in our own society, an object at once obvious and mysterious.

What does it mean to get an education? What are the consequences of getting (or not getting) a “good education”? For whom? Who decides? Why does it matter? How are different kinds of education oriented toward different visions of the future? What might we learn about a particular cultural context if we explore education and learning as social processes and cultural products linked to specific cultural values, beliefs, and power dynamics? These are just some of the questions we will explore in this course. Overall, students will gain a familiarity with the anthropology of education through an exploration of ethnographic case studies from a variety of historical and cultural contexts.

Does schizophrenia exist all over the world? Does depression look different in China than it does in Canada? By examining how local understandings of mental illness come into contact with Western psychiatric models, this course considers the role of culture in the experience, expression, definition, and treatment of mental illness and questions the universality of Western psychiatric categories.

How are we to understand the relationship between psychological universals and diverse cultural and social forms in the constitution of human experience? Anthropology's dialogue with Freud; cultural construction and expression of emotions, personhood, and self.

Primates are an intensely social order of animals showing wide variation in group size, organization and structure. Using an evolutionary perspective, this course will focus on why primates form groups and how their relationships with different individuals are maintained, with reference to other orders of animals. The form and function of different social systems, mating systems, and behaviours will be examined.

This course engages with the diverse histories of First Nations societies in North America, from time immemorial, through over 14 thousand years of archaeology, to the period approaching European arrivals. We tack across the Arctic, Plains, Northwest Coast, Woodlands, and East Coast to chart the major cultural periods and societal advancements told by First Nations histories and the archaeological record. Along with foundational discussions of ancestral peoples, societal development, and human paleoecology, we also engage with core topical debates in North American archaeology, such as the ethics of ancient DNA, peopling processes, environmental change, response, and conservation, inequalities, decolonization, and progress in Indigenous archaeologies.

Intensive survey of a particular world region or current theme in archaeological research. Topic will change year to year.

The nature and logic of ritual. Religious practices and projects; the interface of religion, power, morality, and history in the contemporary world.

Can ethnographic research help us make sense of various political situations and conflicts around the world? In this course we will review different approaches to power and politics in classical and current anthropology. We will consider notions of the state, political agency and power, civil society, authoritarianism and democracy.

Anthropological approaches to the origin and function of religion, and the nature of symbolism, myth, ritual, sorcery, spirit possession, and cosmology, with primary reference to the religious worlds of small-scale societies.

This course considers dimensions of transnationalism as a mode of human sociality and site for cultural production. Topics covered include transnational labour migration and labour circuits, return migration, the transnational dissemination of electronic imagery, the emergence of transnational consumer publics, and the transnational movements of refugees, kinship networks, informal traders and religions.

A consideration of quantitative data and analytical goals, especially in archaeology and biological anthropology. Some elementary computer programming, and a review of program packages suitable for anthropological analyses will be included.
Science credit

An examination of the biological, demographic, ecological and socio-cultural determinants of human and non-human population structure and the interrelationships among them. Emphasis is given to constructing various demographic measures of mortality, fertility and immigration and their interpretation.
Science credit

Human adaptability refers to the human capacity to cope with a wide range of environmental conditions, including aspects of the physical environment like climate (extreme cold and heat), high altitude, geology, as well as aspects of the socio-cultural milieu, such as pathogens (disease), nutrition and malnutrition, migration, technology, and social change.
Science credit

Human adaptability refers to the human capacity to cope with a wide range of environmental conditions. Emphasis is placed on human growth and development in stressed and non-stressed environments. Case studies are used extensively.
Science credit

This seminar explores anthropological insights and historical/archeological debates emerging from Amazonia, a hotspot of social and biodiversity currently under grave threat. We will look at current trends in the region, the cultural logic behind deforestation and land-grabbing, and the cultural and intellectual production of indigenous, ribeirinho, and quilombola inhabitants of the region.

A "hands-on" Laboratory course which introduces students to analyzing human and nonhuman primate skeletal remains using a comparative framework. The course will cover the gross anatomy of the skeleton and dentition, as well as the composition and microstructure of bone and teeth. The evolutionary history and processes associated with observed differences in human and primate anatomy will be discussed.
Science credit

A "hands-on" laboratory course which introduces students to the methods of analyzing human skeletal remains. Topics and analytic methods include: (1) the recovery and treatment of skeletal remains from archaeological sites; (2) odontological description, including dental pathology; (3) osteometric description; (4) nonmetric trait description; (5) methods of estimating age at death and sex; (6) quantitative analysis of metric and nonmetric data; and (7) paleopathology.
Science credit

Language and ways of speaking are foundational to political cultures. This course covers the politics of language in the age of globalization, including multiculturalism and immigration, citizenship, race and ethnicity, post-colonialism, and indigeneity. Ethnographic examples are drawn from a variety of contexts, including Canadian official bilingualism and First Nations.

How do media work to circulate texts, images, and stories? Do media create unified publics? How is the communicative process of media culturally-distinct? This course examines how anthropologists have studied communication that occurs through traditional and new media. Ethnographic examples drawn from several contexts.
Same as MDSC53H3

This course reflects on the concept of Orientalism and how it informs the fields of Classical Studies and Anthropology. Topics to be discussed include the Orientalization of the past and the origin, role, and significance of ancient representations of the "Other" in contemporary discourses.
Same as CLAC68H3 and HISC68H3

Anthropology studies language and media in ways that show the impact of cultural context. This course introduces this approach and also considers the role of language and media with respect to intersecting themes: ritual, religion, gender, race/ethnicity, power, nationalism, and globalization. Class assignments deal with lecturers, readings, and students' examples.
Same as MDSC21H3

Social and symbolic aspects of the body, the life-cycle, the representation and popular explanation of illness, the logic of traditional healing systems, the culture of North American illness and biomedicine, mental illness, social roots of disease, innovations in health care delivery systems.

The examination of health and disease in ecological and socio-cultural perspective. Emphasis is placed on variability of populations in disease susceptibility and resistance in an evolutionary context. With its sister course, ANTC61H3, this course is designed to introduce students to the basic concepts and principles of medical anthropology. Principles of epidemiology, patterns of inheritance and biological evolution are considered.
Science credit

This course is an enquiry into the social construction of science and scientific expertise, with a particular focus on medicine and health. The interdisciplinary field of Science and Technology Studies (STS) opens up a very different perspective from what gets taught in biology classes about how medical knowledge is created, disseminated, becomes authoritative (or not), and is taken up by different groups of people. In our current era of increasing anti-science attitudes and “alternative facts,” this course will offer students an important new awareness of the politics of knowledge production.

This course explores the global cultural phenomenon of tourism. Using case studies and historical perspectives, we investigate the complex motivations and consequences of travel, the dimensions of tourism as development, the ways tourism commodifies daily life, the politics of tourism representation, and the intersection of travel, authenticity and modernity.

Epidemiology is the study of disease and its determinants in populations. It is grounded in the biomedical paradigm, statistical reasoning, and that risk is context specific. This course will examine such issues as: methods of sampling, types of controls, analysis of data, and the investigation of epidemics.
Science credit

Colonization, globalization and socio-ecological factors play an important role in origin, maintenance and emergence of old and new infectious diseases in human populations such as yellow fever, cholera, influenza, SARS. Issues of co-morbidity, the epidemiological transition, syndemics and the impact of global warming on the emergence of new diseases are discussed.
Science credit

This course explores key themes, theories, and thinkers that have shaped anthropological thought, past and present. In any given year we will focus on the work of a particular important thinker or a school of thought. As we examine trends and approaches that have been influential to the field, we consider the debates these have generated, the ethnographic innovations they have inspired, and their relevance for core debates in anthropology. Topics and readings will be chosen annually by the instructor.

This course is an exploration of the ongoing significance of the ethnographic method to the practice of research in socio-cultural anthropology. How and why have ethnographic methods become so central to anthropology, and what can we continue to learn with them? Students complement readings and lectures on theories and practices of ethnographic methods, both historical and contemporary, with exercises and assignments designed to provide first-hand experience in carrying out various techniques of ethnographic research. We also consider the unique ethical challenges of ethnographic methods and what it means to conduct ethically sound research.

This course examines the evolution of human-environment systems over deep time as well as the present implications of these relationships. We will examine the archaeological methods used in reconstructing human palaeoecology and engage with evolutionary and ecological theory as it has been applied to the archaeological record in order to understand how humans have altered ecosystems and adapted to changing climates through time and space. Building upon the perspective of humans as a long-term part of ecological systems, each student will choose a current environmental policy issue and progressively build a proposal for a remediation strategy or research program to address gaps in knowledge.

This course explores ideas of race and racist practice, both past and present. Socio-cultural perspectives on race and racism must address a central contradiction: although biological evidence suggests that racial categories are not scientifically valid, race and racism are real social phenomena with real consequences. In order to address this contradiction, the course will examine the myriad ways that race is produced and reproduced, as well as how racism is perpetuated and sustained.

The topics presented in this course will represent a range of contemporary issues in Anthropology. Topics will vary by instructor and term.

This course examines 65 million years of evolutionary history for non-human primates. The primary emphasis will be on the fossil record. Topics covered may include the reconstruction of behaviour from fossil remains, the evolution of modern primate groups, and the origins of the Order.

This course examines the social life of violence, its cultural production and political effects in a global perspective. It asks how social worlds are made and unmade through, against, and after violent events, how violence is remembered and narrated, and how ethnography might respond to experiences of suffering, trauma, and victimhood.

This course provides students with experience in carrying out ethnographic research in the Greater Toronto Area. Working with the Center for Ethnography, students define and execute individual research projects of their own design. The course provides students with the opportunity to present and discuss their unfolding research, as well as to present the findings of their research. This course is completed over two terms, and culminates in an original research paper.

This course considers the reading and writing of ethnography - the classic genre of socio-cultural anthropology. We examine what differentiates ethnography from other forms of research and how to distinguish ethnographic works of high quality. Also considered are the politics of representation, including how ethnographic writing may reflect unequal relationships of power.

This course allows students to examine particular culture areas at an advanced level. Regions to be covered may include South Asia, East Asia, the Muslim World, Latin America, The Pacific, Europe, Africa, or North America. Specific case studies from the region will be used to highlight theoretical and ethnographic issues.

This course will examine cultural understandings of ‘life’ – What is life? What is a life? How do humans value (or alternatively not value) life in different social and cultural settings? What constitutes a ‘good life’? To what degree are cultural understandings of ‘life’ entangled with those of ‘death’.

An advanced seminar course primarily for majors and specialists in biological anthropology. Topic to be announced annually.

An advanced seminar course primarily for specialists and majors in Anthropology. Topic changes annually and is linked to the theme of our seminar series for the year. Students will attend talks by 2-3 guest speakers in addition to the regular seminar. In previous years, the theme has been Masculinities, Pilgrimage, History and Historicities.

This course is designed for advanced students seeking an intensive examination of specific problems in medical Anthropology. Problems to be discussed include: genetic disorders in families and populations, the interaction of malnutrition and infectious diseases in human populations, chronic non-infectious diseases in populations today, and epidemiology and medical anthropology as complementary disciplines.
Science credit

This seminar course will examine the clinical, epidemiological and public health literature on osteoporosis and other conditions impacting skeletal health. The course will also explore the potential economic impacts of osteoporosis on Canada's health care system given emerging demographic changes.
Science credit

This seminar style course provides a foundation in the anthropology and archaeology of small-scale societies, particularly hunter-gatherers. The seminar’s temporal remit is broad, spanning ~2.5 million years of human evolution from the earliest tool-making hominins to living human societies. A selection of critical topics will therefore be covered. These include theoretical aspects of and evolutionary trends in forager subsistence strategies; technologies; mobility and use of space; sociopolitical organization; cognition; symbolism, ritual and religion; and transitions to food production. Topics will be illustrated using diverse case studies drawn from throughout the Paleolithic.

A large percentage of nonhuman primate species are at risk of extinction due mostly to human-induced processes. Relying on theory from Conservation Biology, this course will consider the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that lead to some primate species being threatened, while others are able to deal with anthropogenic influences. Students will critically examine conservation tactics and the uniqueness of each situation will be highlighted.

A field-based research seminar exploring the cultural dimensions of community and sense of place. Partnering with community-based organizations in Scarborough and the GTA, students will investigate topical issues in the immediate urban environment from an anthropological perspective. Yearly foci may include food, heritage, diaspora, and family.

This seminar course will examine contemporary theory and questions in primatology and carefully examine the types of data that researchers collect to answer their research questions.
Science credit

This course will examine the social and cultural contexts of animal-to-human disease transmission globally, and the public risks associated zoonoses present here in Canada. The course will incorporate both anthropological and epidemiological perspectives.
Science credit

Beginning with archaic Homo sapiens and ending with a discussion of how diet exists in a modern globalized cash economy, this course engages an archaeological perspective on changes in human diet and corresponding societal shifts. We will explore paradigmatic discourse around topics such as big game hunting, diet breadth, niche construction, and the Agricultural Revolution, while examining the archaeological record to clarify what "cavemen" really ate, inquire whether agriculture was as "revolutionary" as it has been presented, and delve into evidence of how colonialism, capitalism, and globalization have shaped our modern diet. Discussions will aim to interrogate current theories and contextualize why scientists (and the public) think the way they do about diet in the past and present.

Directed critical examination of specific problems in Anthropology, based on library and/or field research.
These courses are available in exceptional circumstances and do not duplicate regular course offerings. Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering. Individual tutorials, as arranged. A minimum B plus average is normally required to be considered for these courses. May be science credit or area course depending on topic.

Directed critical examination of specific problems in Anthropology, based on library and/or field research.
These courses are available in exceptional circumstances and do not duplicate regular course offerings. Students are advised that they must obtain consent from the supervising instructor before registering. Individual tutorials, as arranged. A minimum B plus average is normally required to be considered for these courses. May be science credit or area course depending on topic.

This course investigates global diversity in human-environment dialogues from a geoarchaeological perspective. We will emphasize the place of geoarchaeology in evolutionary anthropology, specifically addressing topics such as the role of fire in human evolution, human-ecosystem coevolution, societal resilience and collapse, and the developing Anthropocene. Through “hands-on” authentic research, the class will engage with the collection and interpretation of chronological, geochemical, biomolecular, micromorphological, and micro-sedimentary data for site formation processes, paleoenvironments, and human behaviors. We will collaborate on developing new geoarchaeological perspectives of the human-environment interactions unfolding along the eastern branch of Yat-qui-i-be-no-nick (Highland Creek) coursing through UTSC. How did Highland Creek shape cultures and societies through time? How did people shape the Creek’s environs?

This course will focus on a new direction in anthropology, exploring the potential of skeletal remains in reconstructing past lifeways. This seminar style class will build upon concepts introduced in Human Osteology courses. Additionally, more advanced methods of reconstructing patterns of subsistence, diet, disease, demography and physical activity.

Taught by an advanced PhD student or postdoctoral fellow, and based on his or her doctoral research and area of expertise, this course presents a unique opportunity to explore intensively a particular Evolutionary or Archaeological Anthropology topic in-depth. Topics vary from year to year.

Taught by an advanced PhD student or postdoctoral fellow, and based on his or her doctoral research and area of expertise, this course presents a unique opportunity to explore intensively a particular Socio-Cultural or Linguistic Anthropology topic in-depth. Topics vary from year to year.

This course provides specialized hands-on training in archaeological laboratory methods. Students will develop their own research project, undertaking analysis of archaeological materials, analyzing the resulting data, and writing a report on their findings. The methodological focus may vary from year to year.

This course provides specialized hands-on experience with field-based archaeology, including planning, survey, testing, and/or excavation, as well as an overview of various archaeological excavation methods and practices. Students may enroll in this course to gain credit for participation in approved off-campus field work. In this case, they will coordinate with the instructor to develop a series of appropriate assignments relevant to their coursework and learning goals.

This research seminar uses our immediate community of Scarborough to explore continuity and change within diasporic foodways. Students will develop and practise ethnographic and other qualitative research skills to better understand the many intersections of food, culture, and community. This course culminates with a major project based on original research.
Same as HISD71H3

This advanced seminar course will examine a range of contemporary issues and current debates in Socio-Cultural Anthropology. Topics will vary by instructor and term.

This course will examine questions of particular controversy in the study of Primate Evolution. Topics to be covered may include the ecological context of primate origins, species recognition in the fossil record, the identification of the first anthropoids, and the causes of extinction of the subfossil lemurs.
Science credit

The solar neighbourhood provides examples of astronomical bodies that can be studied by both ground-based and space vehicle based-observational instruments. The astronomical bodies studied range from cold and rocky planets and asteroids to extremely hot and massive bodies, as represented by the sun. This course considers astronomical bodies and their evolution, as well as basic parts of physics, chemistry, etc., required to observe them and understand their structure. The course is suitable for both science and non-science students.

The structure and evolution of stars and galaxies is considered, with our own galaxy, the Milky Way, providing the opportunity for detailed study of a well-observed system. Even this system challenges us with many unanswered questions, and the number of questions increases with further study of the universe and its large-scale character. Current models and methods of study of the universe will be considered. The course is suitable for both science and non-science students.

An examination of the people, the background and the events associated with some major advances in astronomy.
Emphasis is given to the role of a few key individuals and to how their ideas have revolutionized our understanding of nature and the Universe. The perspective gained is used to assess current astronomical research and its impact on society.

Overview of astrophysics (except planetary astrophysics). Appropriate level for science students. Structure and evolution of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars. Structure of Milky Way. Classification of galaxies. Potential theory, rotation curves, orbits, dark matter. Spiral patterns. Galaxy clusters. Mergers. Black holes in active galactic nuclei. Expansion of universe, dark energy.

A hands-on introduction to astronomical observing using the UTSC telescope. Lectures cover topics of astronomical instrumentation and data reduction. Observations of Solar System planets, moons, planetary nebula, globular clusters and galaxies will be made. Students will present their results in the style of a scientific paper and a talk.

Overview of planetary astrophysics at a level appropriate for science students. Planets as a by-product of star formation: theory and observations. Protostellar/protoplanetary disks. Planetesimal and planet formation. Solar system versus extrasolar planetary systems. Giant planets, terrestrial planets, dwarf planets and minor bodies in the Solar System: interiors and environments.

A lecture and laboratory course providing an overview of the origins and cellular basis of life, genetics and molecular biology, evolution and the diversity of microorganisms. Note: that both BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3 must be completed prior to taking any other Biology course.

A lecture and laboratory course providing an overview of the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, population biology, ecology and biodiversity. Note: that both BIOA01H3 and BIOA02H3 must be completed prior to taking any other Biology course.

An exploration of how molecules and cells come together to build and regulate human organ systems. The course provides a foundation for understanding genetic principles and human disease, and applications of biology to societal needs. This course is intended for non-biology students.

This course is designed to introduce theory and experimental techniques in cell biology. The course examines the structure and function of major animal and plant organelles and integrates this into a discussion of protein biosynthesis, signal-based sorting and intracellular trafficking using the cytoskeleton. Cell motility and cell interactions with the environment will also be examined to provide a solid foundation on the basic unit of life.

A course focusing on the central dogma of genetics and how molecular techniques are used to investigate cellular processes. Topics include structure and function of the nucleus, DNA replication and cell cycle control, transcription and translation, gene regulation and signal transduction.

A practical introduction to experimentation in cell and molecular biology. Lab modules will introduce students to concepts and techniques in the general preparation of solutions and buffers, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, microscopy, data analysis, and science communication. This core laboratory course is the gateway for Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Specialists to upper level laboratory offerings.

This course explains the fundamental methods of quantitative reasoning, with applications in medicine, natural sciences, ecology and evolutionary biology. It covers the major aspects of statistics by working through concrete biological problems. The course will help students develop an understanding of key concepts through computer simulations, problem solving and interactive data visualisation using the R programming language (no prior skills with R or specialized math concepts are required).

This course examines physiological mechanisms that control and co-ordinate the function of various systems within the body. The laboratory exercises examine properties of digestive enzymes, characteristics of blood, kidney function, metabolic rate and energetics, nerve function and action potentials, synaptic transmission, skeletal muscle function and mechanoreception.

A lecture based course with online learning modules which deals with the functional morphology of the human organism. The subject matter extends from early embryo-genesis through puberty to late adult life.

An introduction to the principles of animal physiology rooted in energy usage and cellular physiology. A comparative approach is taken, which identifies both the universal and unique mechanisms present across the animal kingdom. Metabolism, thermoregulation, digestion, respiration, water regulation, nitrogen excretion, and neural circuits are the areas of principal focus.

An exploration of the normal physiology of the human body. Emphasis will be placed on organ systems associated with head and neck, especially nervous, respiratory, muscular, digestive, cardiovascular, and endocrine. Particular emphasis will be placed on speech, audition, and swallowing. The interrelationship among organ systems and how they serve to maintain homeostasis and human health will also be discussed.

How do plants feed the world and which plants have the highest impact on human lives? What is the origin of agriculture and how did it change over time? The human population will climb to 10 billion in 2050 and this will tax our planet’s ability to sustain life. Environmentally sustainable food production will become even more integral.

An introduction to the main principles of ecology; the science of the interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment. Topics include physiological, behavioural, population, community, and applied aspects of ecology (e.g. disease ecology, climate change impacts, and approaches to conservation). Emphasis is given to understanding the connections between ecology and other biological subdisciplines.

This course is an introduction to the main principles of evolution; the study of the diversity, relationships, and change over time in organisms at all scales of organization (from individuals to populations to higher taxonomic groups). The theory and principles of evolutionary biology give critical insight into a wide range of fields, including conservation, genetics, medicine, pathogenesis, community ecology, and development.

An introduction to field, lab and computational approaches to ecology and evolution. Laboratories will explore a variety of topics, ranging from population genetics to community ecology and biodiversity. Some lab exercises will involve outdoor field work.

In this course, students will develop scientific communication skills by working collaboratively with peers to create an informative scientific poster that will be presented in a poster session modelled on those held at most major scientific conferences. Successful posters will engage the interest of the audience in the topic, clearly and concisely outline understanding gained from the primary literature, and discuss how understanding is enhanced by integrating knowledge.

Notes:
1. Students in all Specialist/Specialist Co-op and Major programs in Biological Sciences are required to complete BIOB90H3 prior to graduation. In order to enroll in BIOB90H3, students must be concurrently enroled in at least one of the corequisites listed.
2. No specific grade will be assigned to BIOB90H3 on transcripts; instead, the grade assigned to work in BIOB90H3 will constitute 10% of the final grade in each of the corequisite courses that the students are concurrently enrolled in.

3. Students must receive a grade of 50% or higher for work in BIOB90H3 in order to fulfill this graduation requirement.

This course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) in biological sciences will introduce students to the process of scientific inquiry as they engage in a hypothesis-driven research project with an emphasis on student-driven discovery, critical thinking, and collaboration. Students will learn to effectively access, interpret, and reference scientific literature as they formulate their research question and create an experimental design. Students will gain hands-on experience in research techniques and apply concepts in research ethics, reproducibility, and quantitative analyses to collect and interpret data.

A course designed to facilitate the introduction to, and experience in, ongoing laboratory or field research in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor.
Students must obtain a permission form (and outline of the planned work) from the Biological Sciences website. This is to be completed and signed by the student and supervisor and then returned to the Biological Sciences departmental office (SW421E).

Notes:
1. Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.
2. This course does not satisfy any Biological Sciences program requirements.
3. This course is a credit/no credit course.

A course designed to facilitate the introduction to, and experience in, ongoing laboratory or field research in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor.
Students must obtain a permission form (and outline of the planned work) from the Biological Sciences website. This is to be completed and signed by the student and supervisor and then returned to the Biological Sciences departmental office (SW421E).

Notes:
1. BIOB99H3 is identical to BIOB98H3 but is intended as a second research experience. In order to be eligible for BIOB99H3, with the same instructor, the student and the instructor will have to provide a plan of study, the scope of which goes beyond the work of BIOB98H3.
2. Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.
3. This course does not satisfy any Biological Sciences program requirements.

This seminar course builds on fundamental cell biology concepts using primary literature. This course will examine specific organelles and their functions in protein biogenesis, modification, trafficking, and quality control within eukaryotic cells. The experimental basis of knowledge will be emphasized and students will be introduced to hypothesis-driven research in cell biology.

A lecture course describing factors involved in determining protein structures and the relationship between protein structure and function. Topics include: amino acids; the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins; protein motifs and protein domains; glycoproteins; membrane proteins; classical enzyme kinetics and allosteric enzymes; mechanisms of enzyme action.

A lecture course that introduces how cells or organisms extract energy from their environment. The major metabolic pathways to extract energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins will be discussed, as well as the regulation and integration of different pathways. An emphasis will be placed on real-world applications of biochemistry to metabolism.

This class will provide a survey of the role of genes in behaviour, either indirectly as structural elements or as direct participants in behaviour. Topics to be covered are methods to investigate complex behaviours in humans and animal models of human disease, specific examples of genetic effects on behaviour in animals and humans, and studies of gene-environment interactions.

Topics for this lecture and laboratory (or project) course include: inheritance and its chromosomal basis; gene interactions; sources and types of mutations and the relationship of mutation to genetic disease and evolution; genetic dissection of biological processes; genetic technologies and genomic approaches.

Understanding the process of evolution is greatly enhanced by investigations of the underlying genes. This course introduces modern genetic and genomic techniques used to understand and assess microevolutionary changes at the population level. Topics include DNA sequence evolution, population genetics, quantitative genetics/genomics, positive Darwinian selection, the evolution of new genes, and comparative genomics.

This course presents an overview of the microbial world and introduces the students, in more detail, to the physiological, cellular and molecular aspects of bacteria. The laboratories illustrate principles and provide training in basic microbiological techniques essential to microbiology and to any field where recombinant DNA technology is used.

Following a discussion of cellular and molecular events in early embryonic life, the development of several model systems will be analyzed such as erythropoiesis, lens development in the eye, spermatogenesis and myogenesis. Particular reference will be given to the concept that regulation of gene expression is fundamental to development.

This course introduces viruses as infectious agents. Topics include: virus structure and classification among all kingdoms, viral replication strategies, the interactions of viruses with host cells, and how viruses cause disease. Particular emphasis will be on human host-pathogen interactions, with select lectures on antiviral agents, resistance mechanisms, and vaccines.

A study of the structure of cells and the various tissue types which make up the vertebrate body; epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous, blood, and lymphatic. Emphasis is placed on how form is influenced by function of the cells and tissues.

A lecture and laboratory course that introduces students to experimental approaches used in biochemical research. Topics include practical and theoretical aspects of: spectrophotometry; chromatography; electrophoresis; enzyme assays, protein purification and approaches to identify protein-protein interactions. Students are expected to solve numerical problems involving these and related procedures.

This course will lead students through an exploration of the Kingdom of Fungi, covering topics in biodiversity, ecology, and evolution. Lectures will also discuss the broad application of fungi in agriculture, industry, medicine, and visual arts. In the laboratory sessions, students will learn to observe, isolate, and identify fungi using microscopy and modern biological techniques. Field trips will be opportunities to observe fungi in their native habitats and to discuss the real-world applications of diverse fungal organisms.

A central question of developmental biology is how a single cell becomes a complex organism. This lecture course focuses on molecular and cellular mechanisms that control developmental processes in plants, including: embryonic, vegetative and reproductive development; hormone signal transduction pathways; plant-environment interaction and plant biotechnology.

An introduction to human physiology covering the nervous system, skeletal muscles, hormones, and the immune systems in both healthy and diseased states.

This course will cover the physiology of the human respiratory, cardiovascular, renal and digestive systems. Topics include cardiac function, ECG, blood flow/pressure regulation, pulmonary mechanics, gas transfer and transport, the control of breathing, sleep-related breathing disorders, kidney function, ion regulation, water balance, acid-base balance and digestive function/regulation. Students will complete a series of computer-simulated laboratory exercises on their own time.

This course introduces principles in parasitic lifestyles. Topics that will be covered include common parasite life strategies, host-parasite interactions and co-evolution, parasite immune evasion strategies, impacts on public health, and treatment and prevention strategies.

Plants have evolved adaptations to maximize growth, survival and reproduction under various taxing environmental conditions. This course covers the great diversity of plant structures and function in relation to ecology, focusing mainly on flowering plants.

This course introduces the molecular and cellular basis of the immune system. Topics include self versus non-self recognition, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, and the structure and function of antibodies. The importance of the immune system in health and disease will be emphasized and topics include vaccination, autoimmunity, and tumour immunology.

An introduction to plant biology. Topics include plant and cell structure, water balance, nutrition, transport processes at the cell and whole plant level, physiological and biochemical aspects of photosynthesis, and growth and development in response to hormonal and environmental cues.

An overview of recent developments in evolutionary biology that focus on large-scale patterns and processes of evolution. Areas of emphasis may include the evolutionary history of life on earth, phylogenetic reconstruction, patterns of diversification and extinction in the fossil record, the geography of evolution, the evolution of biodiversity, and the process of speciation.

A course with preparatory lectures on the UTSC campus and a field experience in natural settings where ecological, evolutionary, and practical aspects of biodiversity will be explored. Field work will involve outdoor activities in challenging conditions.

This course provides students with the opportunity to experience hands-on learning through informal natural history walks, and group and individual research projects, in a small-class setting. The course covers basic principles and selected techniques of field ecology and ecological questions related to organisms in their natural settings. Most of the field work takes place in the Highland Creek ravine.

Survey of the study of animal behaviour with emphasis on understanding behavioural patterns in the context of evolutionary theory. Topics include sexual selection and conflict, parental care, social behaviour, and hypothesis testing in behavioural research.

A lecture and tutorial course that addresses the key environmental factor that will dominate the 21st Century and life on the planet: Global Climate Change. The course will examine the factors that influence climate, from the formation of the earth to the present time, how human activities are driving current and future change, and how organisms, populations, and ecosystems are and will respond to this change. Finally, it will cover human responses and policies that can permit an adaptive response to this change.

The study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms on the earth. The topics will include an understanding of organism abundance and the factors that act here: population parameters, demographic techniques, population growth, species interactions (competition, predation, herbivory, disease), and population regulation. It will include an understanding of organism distribution and the factors that act here: dispersal, habitat selection, species interactions, and physical factors.

Canada is characterized by its long and harsh winters. Any Canadian plant or animal has evolved one of three basic survival strategies: (1) migration (avoidance), (2) hibernation, and (3) resistance. These evolutionary adaptations are investigated by the example of common organisms from mainly southern Ontario.

An examination of the theory and methodology of community analysis, with an emphasis on the factors regulating the development of communities and ecosystems. The application of ecological theory to environmental problems is emphasized. We will examine the impacts of various factors, such as primary productivity, species interactions, disturbance, variable environments, on community and metacommunity structure, and on ecosystem function. We will also examine the impacts of climate change on the world's ecosystems.

This lecture and tutorial course explores the strategic and operational aspects of zoos and aquariums in conservation. Emphasis is on contemporary issues, including the balance between animal welfare and species conservation; nutrition, health and behavioural enrichment for captive animals; in situ conservation by zoos and aquariums; captive breeding and species reintroductions; and public outreach/education.

A lecture and tutorial course offering an introduction to the scientific foundation and practice of conservation biology. It reviews ecological and genetic concepts constituting the basis for conservation including patterns and causes of global biodiversity, the intrinsic and extrinsic value of biodiversity, the main causes of the worldwide decline of biodiversity and the approaches to save it, as well as the impacts of global climate change.

An introduction to the scientific study of the effects of toxic chemicals on biological organisms. Standard methods of assessing toxicant effects on individuals, populations, and communities are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the chemistry of major toxicant classes, and on how toxicants are processed by the human body.

Research and practice in the sciences often rests on the unquestioned assertion of impartial analyses of facts. This course will take a data-informed approach to understanding how human biases can, and have, affected progress in the sciences in general, and in biology in particular. Case studies may include reviews of how science has been used to justify or sustain racism, colonialism, slavery, and the exploitation of marginalized groups. Links will be drawn to contemporary societal challenges and practices. Topics will include how biases can shape science in terms of those doing the research, the questions under study, and the types of knowledge that inform practice and teaching. Data on bias and societal costs of bias will be reviewed, as well as evidence-informed practices, structures, and individual actions which could ensure that science disrupts, rather than enables, social inequities.

In this course, students will produce engaging, documentary-style multimedia narratives that relay scientific evidence on a topic of interest to a lay audience. In order to create their documentaries, students will distill research findings reported in the primary literature and integrate knowledge from multiple fields of biology.

Notes:

1. Students in all Specialists/Specialist Co-op and Major programs in Biological Sciences are required to complete BIOC90H3 prior to graduation. In order to enroll in BIOC90H3, students must be enrolled in at least one of the following corequisite courses listed.

2. No specific grade will be assigned to BIOC90H3 on transcripts; instead, the grade assigned to work in BIOC90H3 will constitute 10% of the final grade in one of the corequisite courses that the students are concurrently enrolled in.

3. Students must receive a grade of 50% or higher for work in BIOC90H3 in order to fulfill this graduation requirement.

In this introduction to academic research, a group of 3-5 students work with a faculty supervisor and TA to develop a research proposal or implement a research project. Prior to registering, students must find a faculty supervisor, form a group, then submit a permission form to the department. The permission form may be downloaded from the Biological Sciences website.

Note: Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.

Lecture/seminar-based course addressing advanced topics in the neural basis of motor control in vertebrates. The emphasis will be placed on cellular-level understanding of how motor circuits operate.

This course will survey different fields in neural circuit research ranging from sensory systems to motor control. Emphasis will be placed on new methodologies used to deconstruct circuit function, including advanced functional imaging, optogenetics, anatomical reconstruction and the latest behavioural approaches.

A seminar covering topics in the theory of neural information processing, focused on perception, action, learning and memory. Through reading, discussion and working with computer models students will learn fundamental concepts underlying current mathematical theories of brain function including information theory, population codes, deep learning architectures, auto-associative memories, reinforcement learning and Bayesian optimality.
Same as NROD08H3

A lecture/seminar course on the cellular mechanisms of protein quality control. Animal and plant models will be used to highlight the mechanisms of action of selected protein folding and degradation machineries critical to cell functions. Primary literature in protein homeostasis and possible consequence of malfunction in eukaryotic cells will also be discussed.

The use of plants in medicine has been documented for over 2,000 years. Their use is immersed in major ancient civilizations from around the World. This lecture/seminar/lab course will take the knowledge from indigenous medicine as a starting point and expand it with more recent advances in plant biochemistry, genetics and biotechnology.

Complex mechanisms of gene regulation (e.g., epigenetics, epitranscriptomics, regulatory RNAs) govern life-trajectories in health and disease. This advanced lecture, problem-based learning and seminar course equips students with critical thinking tools to dissect advanced concepts in genetics, including biological embedding, transgenerational inheritance, genetic determinism, gene therapy, and ethics in 21st century transgenics.

An overview of the most significant advances in cellular microbiology. The curriculum will include cellular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, as well as recognition and elimination of pathogens by cells. Students will be required to participate in class discussions, and give oral presentations of scientific papers.

A lecture/seminar/discussion class on the emerging field of environmental epigenetics.  Course will cover basic epigenetic mechanisms, methods in epigenetic research, epigenetic control of gene function, and the role of epigenetics in normal development and human disease.

This is a lecture/seminar course that will discuss advanced topics in human virology. The course focus will be on human viruses, pathogenicity in human hosts, and current literature on emerging pathogens.

Applications of molecular technology continue to revolutionize our understanding of all areas of life sciences from biotechnology to human disease. This intensive laboratory, lecture / tutorial course provides students with essential information and practical experience in recombinant DNA technology, molecular biology and bio-informatics.

This course is organized around a central theme, namely the expression of heat shock (stress) genes encoding proteins is important in cellular repair/protective mechanisms. Topics include heat shock transcription factors, heat shock proteins as 'protein repair agents' that correct protein misfolding, and diseases triggered by protein misfolding such as neurodegenerative disorders.

A lecture/seminar/discussion class on contemporary topics in Cell Biology.  Students will explore the primary literature becoming familiar with experimental design and methodologies used to decipher cell biology phenomena.  Student seminars will follow a series of lectures and journal club discussions.

In this lecture seminar course, we will explore how human stem cells generate the diverse cell types of the human body, and how they can be harnessed to understand and treat diseases that arise during embryonic development or during aging. We will also discuss current ethical issues that guide research practices and policies, including the destruction of human embryos for research, gene editing, and the premature clinical translation of stem cell interventions.

A course considering the principles of genome organization and the utilization of genomic approaches to studying a wide range of problems in biology. Topics to be presented will include innovations in instrumentation and automation, a survey of genome projects, genomic variation, functional genomics, transcription profiling (microarrays), database mining and extensions to human and animal health and biotechnology.

A lecture and tutorial based course designed to provide an overview of the fungal kingdom and the properties of major fungal pathogens that contribute to disease in animals (including humans) and plants. This course will address the mechanisms and clinical implications of fungal infections and host defence mechanisms. Topics include virulence factors and the treatment and diagnosis of infection.

A lecture/discussion class on the structure and function of the major endocrine organs of vertebrates. The course provides knowledge of endocrine systems encompassing hormone biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, feedback, physiological actions, and pathophysiology. Recent advances in hormone research as well as contemporary issues in endocrinology will be examined.

This lecture/seminar format course will critically examine selected topics in human disease pathogenesis. Infectious and inherited diseases including those caused by human retroviruses, genetic defects and bioterrorism agents will be explored. Discussions of primary literature will encompass pathogen characteristics, genetic mutations, disease progression and therapeutic strategies.

Plant scientists working to address pressing global challenges will give presentations. In advance students will identify terminologies and methodologies needed to engage with the speaker and think critically about the research. Student teams will identify and develop background knowledge and go beyond speaker’s presentations with new questions and/or applications.

This course will examine how lung disease and other respiratory insults affect pulmonary physiology and lung function. Topics will include methods used to diagnose respiratory disease, pulmonary function in patients with various lung diseases as well as treatment options for both lung disease and lung failure.

This course will examine how various physiological systems and anatomical features are specialised to meet the environmental challenges encountered by terrestrial and aquatic animals. Topics include respiratory systems and breathing, hearts and cardiovascular systems, cardiorespiratory control, animal energetics, metabolic rate, thermoregulation, defenses against extreme temperatures, hibernation and osmotic/ionic/volume regulation.

This is a combined lecture and seminar course that will discuss topics such as climate change and plastics/microplastics effects on the physiology of animals, and physiological tools and techniques used in conservation efforts. The course will focus on how physiological approaches have led to beneficial changes in human behaviour, management or policy.

This course examines resistance mechanisms (anatomical, cellular, biochemical, molecular) allowing plants to avoid or tolerate diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Topics include: pathogen defence; responses to temperature, light, water and nutrient availability, salinity, and oxygen deficit; stress perception and signal transduction; methods to study stress responses; and strategies to improve stress resistance.

A lecture and seminar/discussion course covering integrative, comparative animal locomotion and exercise physiology. Topics will include muscle physiology, neurophysiology, metabolism, energetics, thermoregulation and biomechanics. These topics will be considered within evolutionary and ecological contexts.

This course will examine how animals send and receive signals in different sensory modalities, and the factors that govern the evolution and structure of communication signals. Using diverse examples (from bird songs to electric fish) the course will demonstrate the importance of communication in the organization of animal behaviour, and introduce some theoretical and empirical tools used in studying the origins and structure of animal communication.

An overview of the evolution, ecology, behaviour, and conservation of birds. Field projects and laboratories will emphasize identification of species in Ontario.

A seminar exploration of current topics in biodiversity and conservation, including genetic, organismal, and community levels.  Examples include DNA barcoding, adaptive radiations, phylogenetic trees, and biodiversity hotspots.   Skills development in critical thinking and interpretation of the primary literature is emphasized, with coursework involving group presentations, discussions, and written analyses.

An exploration into current topics in the study of the evolutionary and ecological influences on animal behaviour. Topics may include sexual selection and conflict, social behaviour, communication, and behavioural mechanisms. Emphasis will be on current research and the quantitative and qualitative reasoning underlying our ability to understand and predict animal behaviour.

Canada has a complex conservation landscape. Through lectures and interactive discussions with leading Canadian conservation practitioners, this course will examine how conservation theory is put into practice in Canada from our international obligations to federal, provincial, and municipal legislation and policies.

A hands-on course emphasizing the logic, creative thinking, and careful methodology required to conduct rigorous research on animal behaviour from an evolutionary perspective. Students will devise and run behavioural experiments, primarily using invertebrate models.

Modelling is a critical tool for describing the complex dynamics of ecosystems and for addressing urgent management questions in ecology, epidemiology and conservation. In this practical introduction, students learn how to formulate ecological and epidemiological models, link them to data, and implement/analyze them using computer simulations.  The course includes approaches for modelling individuals, populations, and communities, with applications in population viability assessments, natural resource management and food security, invasive species and pest control, disease eradication, and climate change mitigation.  While not a requirement, some experience with computer programming will be beneficial for this course.

The study of how space and scale influence ecological patterns and species coexistence. The course will cover three main topics: 1) spatial dynamics, such as spatial spread and dispersal models; 2) species coexistence with metapopulation/metacommunity, neutral and lottery models; and 3) spatial analysis of ecological communities. Basic concepts will be applied to ecological problems such as: species invasions, reserve design and understanding threats to island biodiversity.
Priority will be given to students enrolled in the specialist program in Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution.

A species is the basic unit of evolution and symbiotic interactions are integral to the rise of global biodiversity. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this course will study symbiotic systems such as plant-animal, microbe-plant, and microbe-animal interactions. This course thus provides the student with a deeper understanding of how Earth's biodiversity is maintained through natural selection.

This lecture/seminar course will discuss advanced topics in behavioural ecology, ecosystem and landscape ecology, and evolutionary ecology, with an emphasis on the impacts of past and present species interactions. Topics will vary based on current scientific literature and student interests. This course will strengthen the research, writing, and presentation skills of students while deepening their understanding of ecology.

An intensive examination of selected pathologies affecting the nervous system such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. These pathologies will be examined from an integrative perspective encompassing the pathogeneses, resulting symptoms, and current therapeutic approaches. This course requires critical examination of research articles.

This course will combine lecture and student paper projects and presentations to explore the evolutionary and ecological processes that generate patterns of biological diversity as well as how species interactions and ecosystem function are affected by diversity. Of key interest will be how invasions, climate change, and habitat destruction affects diversity and function.

Field courses offered by the Ontario Universities Program in Field Biology (OUPFB) in a variety of habitats and countries, usually during the summer. OUPFB modules (courses) are posted online in January, and students must apply by the indicated deadline.

This course is designed to permit an intensive examination of the primary literature of a select topic. Frequent consultation with the supervisor is necessary and extensive library research is required. The project will culminate in a written report.
Students must obtain a permission form and Supervised Study form from the Biological Sciences website that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to SW421E. Five sessions of group instruction will form part of the coursework.

A course designed to permit laboratory or field research or intensive examination of a selected topic in biology. Supervision of the work is arranged by mutual agreement between student and instructor.
Students must obtain a permission form from https:///www.utsc.utoronto.ca/biosci/undergraduate-research-opportunities that is to be completed and signed by the intended supervisor, and returned to SW421E. At that time, the student will be provided with an outline of the schedule and general requirements for the course. 10 sessions of group instruction will form part of the coursework.

Note: Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.

Identical to BIOD98Y3 but intended as a second research experience. In order to be eligible for BIOD99Y3, with the same instructor, the student and the instructor will have to provide a plan of study that goes beyond the work of BIOD98Y3.

Note: Completion of this course can be used to fulfill a course requirement for the Certificate in Biological Sciences Research Excellence. Details can be found in the Biological Sciences Overview section of the Calendar.

This course will introduce the study of chemical properties and transformations of matter. The course starts with the quantum mechanical model of the atom and the principles of how the periodic table is organized. Key reaction types are explored including acid/base, redox, and precipitation as well as a quantitative description of gases. Bonding and structure in chemical compounds is examined followed by a close look at solutions, solids and intermolecular forces. The course concludes with nuclear chemistry. This course includes a three-hour laboratory every other week.

This course quantitatively examines reactions and equilibria in chemical systems with an emphasis on their thermodynamic properties and chemical kinetics. The course begins with a close examination of solutions followed by dynamic chemical equilibrium. This leads directly to acid/base and solubility equilibria and thermochemistry, including calorimetry. The course concludes with thermodynamics, kinetics and electrochemistry with a strong emphasis on the how these are connected to Gibbs Free Energy. This course includes a three hour laboratory every other week.

This course will build on the topics from CHMA10H3, including a close examination of solutions, dynamic chemical equilibrium, acid/base and solubility equilibria and thermochemistry, including calorimetry and thermodynamics, kinetics and electrochemistry as they relate to Gibbs Free Energy. In this course, students will explore these ideas in more detail both from a theoretical and practical point of view, in comparison to CHMA11H3. The lecture portion will focus on how chemical concepts are applied in cutting edge research. The weekly laboratory period will provide students with access to the most current equipment used in both industrial and research settings as well as workshops that will explore how to analyze and extract data from published, peer-reviewed journal articles.

An introduction to the principles and methods of classical analysis and the provision of practical experience in analytical laboratory techniques. The course deals primarily with quantitative chemical analysis. Classical methods of volumetric analysis, sampling techniques, statistical handling of data are studied, as well as a brief introduction to spectro-chemical methods. This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

The concept of chemical potential; phase equilibria; solutions; chemical equilibria (including electrochemical applications); elementary reactions; multi-step and coupled reactions (with biochemical applications); elementary collision theory and transition state theory. This course includes a weekly tutorial.

This course uses quantum mechanics to describe atomic and molecular structure and bonding. The theory of these systems is treated first and their spectroscopy afterwards. The following topics are covered: motivation for quantum mechanics, Schrödinger’s equations, quantum postulates and formalisms, solutions of the time-independent Schrödinger equation for model systems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotor, hydrogen-like atoms), angular momentum operator, electron spin, many electron atoms, theories of chemical bonding (valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory), quantum mechanics of the internal motion of molecules, spectroscopy of atomic and molecular systems.

This course explores the concepts of chemical potential, phase equilibria, solutions, chemical equilibria (including electrochemical applications), elementary reactions, multi-step and coupled reactions (with biochemical applications), elementary collision theory and transition state theory.

Fundamental periodic trends and descriptive chemistry of the main group elements are covered. The topics include structures, bonding and reactivity; solid state structures and energetics; and selected chemistry of Group 1, 2, and 13-18. The course has an accompanying practical (laboratory) component taking place every second week.

This course begins with a review of chemical bonding in organic structures, followed by an in depth look at conformational analysis and stereochemistry. It explores the reactivity of organic molecules, starting with acid-base reactions, simple additions to carbonyl compounds, reactions of alkenes and alkynes, and substitution reactions. The course includes weekly tutorials and a four hour laboratory every other week.

This course builds on the topics seen in Organic Chemistry I. Major reactions include electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, and the chemistry of carbonyl compounds. Spectroscopic methods for structure determination are explored (NMR, MS, IR), along with the chemistry of biologically important molecules such as heterocycles and carbohydrates. This course includes a four-hour laboratory every other week, as well as weekly one-hour tutorials.

This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of organic chemistry. Major topics include organic acids/bases, stereochemistry, substitution/elimination mechanisms, reactions of alkenes/alkynes, radicals, aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, oxidation/reduction, radicals, spectroscopy, heterocycles and carbohydrates. Includes a 4 hour lab and 6 hours of lecture each week.

An investigation of aspects of chemical substances and processes as they occur in the environment, including both naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals.
This course will include an introduction to atmospheric chemistry, aqueous chemistry, some agricultural and industrial chemistry, and chemical analysis of contaminants and pollutants.

This course is designed as an introduction to the molecular structure of living systems. Topics will include the physical and chemical properties of proteins, enzymes, fatty acids, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolism and biosynthesis. Emphasis will be placed on the relationships between the chemical structure and biological function.

An introduction to the workings and application of modern analytical instrumentation. A range of modern instrumentation including NMR spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Microscopy. Light Spectroscopy (visible, Ultra Violet, Infrared, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence), X-ray, Chromatography and electrochemical separations will be addressed. Principles of measurement; detection of photons, electrons and ions; instrument and experiment design and application; noise reduction techniques and signal-to-noise optimization will be covered.

A laboratory course to complement CHMC11H3, Principles of Analytical Instrumentation.
This course provides a practical introduction and experience in the use of modern analytical instrumentation with a focus on the sampling, sample preparation (extraction, clean-up, concentration, derivatization), instrumental trace analysis and data interpretation of various pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples.
This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

Basic statistical mechanics and applications to thermochemistry and kinetics; intermolecular interactions; concepts in reaction dynamics.

Advanced topics in Physical Chemistry with emphasis on biochemical systems. Spectroscopic methods for (bio) molecular structure determination, including IR, NMR, UV/VIS; colloid chemistry; polymers and bio-polymers, bonding structure and statistical mechanics; physical chemistry of membranes, active transport and diffusion; oscillatory (bio)chemical reactions.

A detailed discussion of the structure, bonding, spectroscopy and reactivity of transition metal compounds. After an overview of descriptive chemistry, the focus is on coordination and organometallic chemistry, with an introduction to catalysis and biocoordination chemistry. The laboratory focuses on intermediate and advanced inorganic syntheses, and classical and instrumental characterization methods. This laboratory is six hours in duration and occurs every week.

Principles of synthesis organic and functional group transformations; compound stereochemistry, spectroscopy and structure elucidation. This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

The chemistry of heterocycles, nucleic acids, terpenes, steroids and other natural products; amino acids, proteins and carbohydrates; introduction to enzyme structure and catalysis.
This course includes a four hour laboratory every week.

The course focuses on the important concepts in the design and synthesis of drugs. The course may include the principles of pharmacology, drug metabolism and toxicology. Strategies for generating valuable active compounds and structure/activity relationships involved in selective transformations of available building blocks into diversely functionalized derivatives will be discussed. The course provides an overview of reactions used at different stages of the drug development process, using representative examples from the literature and case studies of drugs where applicable.

In this course students will learn about the following analytical techniques used in organic structure determination: mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. There will be focus on a systematic approach in structure determination through various spectroscopy. Students will receive hands-on training in spectral interpretation, processing and analysis as well as training on the use of different computer software for the purpose of analysis.

Students will learn about analytical techniques used in environmental chemistry, including: gas and liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, atomic absorption, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Environmental sampling and ecotoxicology will also be covered. Students will carry out laboratory analyses and receive hands-on training with analytical instrumentation commonly used in environmental chemistry.

Advanced topics in inorganic chemistry will be covered at a modern research level. The exact topic will be announced in the Winter Session prior to the course being offered.

This course offers an in-depth understanding of organic chemistry by systematically exploring the factors and principles that govern organic reactions. The first half of the course covers fundamentals including boding theories, kinetics, thermodynamics, transition state theory, isotope effects, and Hammett equations. In the second half, these topics are applied to the study of different types of organic reactions, such as nucleophilic substitutions, polar additions/eliminations, pericyclic reactions and radical reactions.

This course will teach biochemical reactions in the context of Organic Chemistry. This course will build on topics from CHMC47H3. Application of enzymes in organic synthesis, chemical synthesis of complex carbohydrates and proteins, enzyme catalyzed proton transfer reactions and co-enzymes will be discussed in depth with recent literature examples. Experiential learning is an integral part of this course. Students will explore the applications of Bio-Organic Chemistry in healthcare and industrial settings as part of an experiential learning project

This course introduces quantitative approaches to describe the behaviour of organic chemicals in the environment. Building upon a quantitative treatment of equilibrium partitioning and kinetically controlled transfer processes of organic compounds between gaseous, liquid and solid phases of environmental significance, students will learn how to build, use and evaluate simulation models of organic chemical fate in the environment. The course will provide hands-on experience with a variety of such models.

This course will explore the role of the chemical elements other than “the big six” (C, H, O, N, P, S) in living systems, with a focus on metal cations. The topic includes geochemistry and early life, regulation and uptake of metallic elements, structure-function relationships in metalloproteins.

Advanced topics in biological chemistry will be covered at a modern research level. The exact topic will be announced in the Winter Session prior to the course being offered.

The 'twelve principles' of green chemistry will be discussed in the context of developing new processes and reactions (or modifying old ones) to benefit society while minimizing their environmental impact. Examples will be taken from the recent literature as well as from industrial case studies.

You can find the names and contact information for the current course coordinators by visiting the Chemistry website.

This course involves participation in an original research project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. Approximately 260 hours of work are expected in CHMD90Y3. The topic will be selected in conference with the course coordinator who will provide project descriptions from potential faculty supervisors. Progress will be monitored during periodic consultations with the faculty supervisor as well as the submission of written reports. The final results of the project will be presented in a written thesis as well as an oral and/or poster presentation at the end of the term.
Please see the note below on registration in CHMD90Y3.

You can find the names and contact information for the current course coordinators by visiting the Chemistry website.

This course involves participation in an original research project under the direction of a faculty supervisor. Approximately 130 hours of work are expected in CHMD91H3. The topic will be selected in conference with the course coordinator who will provide project descriptions from potential faculty supervisors. Progress will be monitored during periodic consultations with the faculty supervisor as well as the submission of written reports. The final results of the project will be presented in a written thesis as well as an oral and/or poster presentation at the end of the term.
Please see the note below on registration in CHMD91H3.

A lab course designed to introduce students to modern synthetic methods while performing multi-step syntheses. The course will consist of two, six hour lab days every week. Students will develop advanced practical synthetic and analytic skills by working with important reactions taken from different chemistry disciplines.

A review of the major characteristics and interpretations of cities, urban processes and urban change as a foundation for the Program in City Studies. Ideas from disciplines including Anthropology, Economics, Geography, Planning, Political Science and Sociology, are examined as ways of understanding cities.

An introduction to the philosophical foundations of research, major paradigms, and methodological approaches relevant to Programs in City Studies. This course is designed to increase awareness and understanding of academic work and culture, enhance general and discipline-specific academic literacy, and create practical opportunities for skills development to equip students for academic success in City Studies.

After critically examining the history of urban planning in Canada, this course explores contemporary planning challenges and engages with planning’s ‘progressive potential’ to address social justice issues and spatialized inequality through an examination of possible planning solutions.

This course provides an overview of the history, theory, and politics of community development and social planning as an important dimension of contemporary urban development and change.

This course is the foundations course for the city governance concentration in the City Studies program, and provides an introduction to the study of urban politics with particular emphasis on different theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding urban decision-making, power, and conflict.

This course introduces quantitative and qualitative methods in city studies. Students will engage in observation and interviews; descriptive data analysis and visualization; surveys and sampling; and document analysis.

This introductory course will encourage students to exercise their relational and comparative imagination to understand how the urban issues and challenges they experience in Scarborough and Toronto are interconnected with people, ideas and resources in other parts of the world. Students will examine the complexities of urbanization processes across different regions in the world, including themes such as globalization, urban governance, sustainability, climate change, equity and inclusion. Through interactive lectures, collaborative work and reflective assignments, students will learn to apply comparative and place-based interventions for fostering inclusive, equitable, and sustainable urban futures.

An introduction to economic analysis of cities, topics include: theories of urban economic growth; the economics of land use, urban structure, and zoning; the economics of environments, transportation, and sustainability; public finance, cost-benefit analysis, the provision of municipal goods and services, and the new institutional economics.

This course engages students in a case study of some of the issues facing urban communities and neighbourhoods today. Students will develop both community-based and academic research skills by conducting research projects in co-operation with local residents and businesses, non-profit organizations, and government actors and agencies.

With a focus on building knowledge and skills in community development, civic engagement, and community action, students will ‘learn by doing’ through weekly community-based placements with community organizations in East Scarborough and participatory discussion and written reflections during class time. The course will explore topics such as community-engaged learning, social justice, equity and inclusion in communities, praxis epistemology, community development theory and practice, and community-based planning and organizing. Students will be expected to dedicate 3-4 hours per week to their placement time in addition to the weekly class time. Community-based placements will be organized and allocated by the course instructor.

This course examines how planning and housing policies help shape the housing affordability landscape in North American cities. The course will introduce students to housing concepts, housing issues, and the role planning has played in (re)producing racialized geographies and housing inequality (e.g., historical and contemporary forms of racial and exclusionary zoning). We will also explore planning’s potential to address housing affordability issues.

Constitutional authority, municipal corporations, official plans, zoning bylaws, land subdivision and consents, development control, deed restrictions and common interest developments, Ontario Municipal Board.

In recent years social policy has been rediscovered as a key component of urban governance. This course examines the last half-century of evolving approaches to social policy and urban inequality, with particular emphasis on the Canadian urban experience. Major issues examined are poverty, social exclusion, labour market changes, housing, immigration and settlement.

An examination of community development as the practice of citizens and community organizations to empower individuals and groups to improve the social and economic wellbeing of their communities and neighbourhoods. The course will consider different approaches to community development and critically discuss their potential for positive urban social change.

An introduction to the study of the history of urban planning with particular emphasis on the investigation of the planning ideas, and the plans, that have shaped Toronto and its surrounding region through the twentieth century. The course will consider international developments in planning thought together with their application to Toronto and region.

Examination of one or more current issues in cities. The specific issues will vary depending on the instructor.

Local governments are constantly making policy decisions that shape the lives of residents and the futures of cities. This course focuses on how these decisions get made, who has power to make them, and their impact on urban citizens. We will address how challenges in cities are understood by city council, staff, and the public, and how certain “policy solutions” win out over others. In the process, we will draw from both classical and contemporary theories of local government as well as the latest research on urban policy making. We will also be learning field research methods to study policy making as it happens on the ground in cites.

This course introduces students to questions of urban ecology and environmental planning, and examines how sustainability and environmental concerns can be integrated into urban planning processes and practices.

This course examines the role of municipal finance in shaping all aspects of urban life. Putting Canada into a comparative perspective, we look at how local governments provide for their citizens within a modern market economy and across different societies and time periods. The course also explores the relationship between municipal finance and various social problems, including movements for racial justice and the ongoing housing crisis.

Most of the world's population now lives in large urban regions. How such metropolitan areas should be planned and governed has been debated for over a century. Using examples, this course surveys and critically evaluates leading historical and contemporary perspectives on metropolitan planning and governance, and highlights the institutional and political challenges to regional coordination and policy development.

This course examines the engagement of citizen groups, neighbourhood associations, urban social movements, and other non-state actors in urban politics, planning, and governance. The course will discuss the contested and selective insertion of certain groups into city-regional decision-making processes and structures.

Demand forecasting; methodology of policy analysis; impacts on land values, urban form and commuting; congestion; transit management; regulation and deregulation; environmental impacts and safety.

A central focus of city studies is the attempt to understand the diversity of cities and urbanization processes globally. This course provides an opportunity to engage in field research work on a common research topic in a city outside Toronto. Students will prepare case study questions; engage in data collection including interviews, archives, and observation; networking; and case analysis in a final report.

This course is designed as a culminating City Studies course in which participants are able to showcase the application of their research skills, and share their professional and disciplinary interests in a common case study. Lectures and guests will introduce conceptual frameworks, core questions and conflicts. Students will be expected to actively participate in discussions and debates, and produce shared research resources. Each student will prepare a substantial research paper as a final project.

City Studies Workshop I provides training in a range of career-oriented research, consulting, and professional skills. Through a series of 4-week modules, students will develop professional practice oriented skills, such as conducting public consultations, participating in design charrettes, making public presentations, writing policy briefing notes, conducting stakeholder interviews, working with community partner organizations, organizing and running public debates, and participant observation of council meetings and policy processes at Toronto City Hall.

City Studies Workshop II provides training in a range of career-oriented research, consulting, and professional skills. Through a series of 4-week modules, students will develop professional practice oriented skills, such as conducting public consultations, participating in design charrettes, making public presentations, writing policy briefing notes, conducting stakeholder interviews, working with community partner organizations, organizing and running public debates, and participant observation of council meetings and policy processes at Toronto City Hall.

Designed primarily for final-year City Studies Majors, this research seminar is devoted to the analysis and discussion of current debates and affairs in City Studies using a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches. Specific content will vary from year to year. Seminar format with active student participation.

This course is designed to develop career-related skills such as policy-oriented research analysis, report writing, and presentation and networking skills through experiential learning approaches. The policy focus each year will be on a major current Toronto planning policy issue, from ‘Complete Streets’ to improvements to parks and public space infrastructure, to public transit-related investments. Students work closely in the course with planners and policymakers from the City of Toronto, policy advocates, and community organizers.

An independent studies course open only to students in the Major and Major Co-op programs in City Studies. An independent studies project will be carried out under the supervision of an individual faculty member.

An introduction to the main features of the ancient civilizations of the Mediterranean world from the development of agriculture to the spread of Islam. Long term socio-economic and cultural continuities and ruptures will be underlined, while a certain attention will be dedicated to evidences and disciplinary issues.
Same as HISA07H3

A study of Mesopotamian and Egyptian mythologies. Special attention will be dedicated to the sources through which these representational patterns are documented and to their influence on Mediterranean civilizations and arts.

A study of Greek and Roman mythologies. Special attention will be dedicated to the sources through which these representational patterns are documented and to their influence on Mediterranean civilizations and arts.

A survey of the history and culture of the Greek world from the Minoan period to the Roman conquest of Egypt (ca 1500-30 BC). Special attention will be dedicated to the nature, variety and limits of the available evidences, to socio-cultural interactions as well as to historical processes of continuities and ruptures.
Same as HISB10H3

A survey of the history and culture of the ancient Roman world, from the Etruscan period to the Justinian dynasty (ca 800 BC-600 AD). Special attention will be dedicated to the nature, variety and limits of the available evidences, to socio-cultural interactions as well as to historical processes of continuities and ruptures.
Same as HISB11H3

A course to introduce students of history and classical studies to the world of late antiquity, the period that bridged classical antiquity and the Middle Ages. This course studies the period for its own merit as a time when the political structures of the Medieval period were laid down and the major religions of the Mediterranean (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Zoroastrianism) took their recognizable forms.

Same as HISB09H3

The representation of the classical world and historical events in film. How the Greek and Roman world is reconstructed by filmmakers, their use of spectacle, costume and furnishings, and the influence of archaeology on their portrayals. Films will be studied critically for historical accuracy and faithfulness to classical sources.
Same as HISB12H3

A detailed study of an author or a genre in Classical Literature in Translation.
Topics will vary from session to session and will alternate between Greek and Roman Epic, Greek and Roman Tragedy and Greek and Roman Comedy.

A detailed study of a theme in Classical Civilization.
Topics will vary from session to session and may be drawn from such areas as the archaeological history of the Roman world, Greek and Roman religion, ancient education or Roman law.

This course focuses on the History of ancient Egypt, with a focus on the Hellenistic to early Arab periods (4th c. BCE to 7th c. CE). Lectures will emphasize the key role played by Egypt’s diverse environments in the shaping of its socio-cultural and economic features as well as in the policies adopted by ruling authorities. Elements of continuity and change will be emphasized and a variety of primary sources and sites will be discussed. Special attention will also be dedicated to the role played by imperialism, Orientalism, and modern identity politics in the emergence and trajectory of the fields of Graeco-Roman Egyptian history, archaeology, and papyrology.
Same as (IEEC52H3), HISC10H3.

An examination of the main genres, authors and works of ancient Greek and Latin poetry, with particular emphasis on epic, drama and lyrics. Attention will be dedicated to the study of how these works reflect the socio-cultural features of Classical Antiquity and influenced later literatures. Texts will be studied in translation.

An examination of the main genres, authors and works of ancient Greek and Latin prose. History, rhetoric, biography, letters and the novel will be studied. Attention will be dedicated to the study of how these works reflect the socio-cultural features of Classical Antiquity and influenced later literatures. Texts will be studied in translation.

A comparative study of the Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Phoenician and Punic, Celtic, Palmyrene, Persian, Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian religious beliefs and practices. Special attention will be dedicated to how they document the societies and cultures in which they flourished.